Презентация Introduction to metabolism онлайн
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- Тип файла:ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
- Всего слайдов:22 слайда
- Для класса:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
- Размер файла:4.02 MB
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
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Содержание слайда: Introduction to Metabolism
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Содержание слайда: Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions
Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions
Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
The product of one reaction is substrate of the next
Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
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Содержание слайда: CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM)
Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds
EX: digestive enzymes break down food
CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM)
Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds
EX: digestive enzymes break down food
ANABOLIC PATHWAY (ANABOLISM)
consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
EX: linking amino acids to form proteins
№7 слайд
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Содержание слайда: Forms of Energy
ENERGY = capacity to cause change
Energy exists in various forms
(some of which can perform work)
Energy can be converted from one form to another
№9 слайд
Содержание слайда: KINETIC ENERGY –
energy associated with motion
KINETIC ENERGY –
energy associated with motion
HEAT (thermal energy) is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
POTENTIAL ENERGY = energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
CHEMICAL energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
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Содержание слайда: THERMODYNAMICS
= the study of energy transformations
THERMODYNAMICS
= the study of energy transformations
CLOSED system (EX: liquid in a thermos)
= isolated from its surroundings
OPEN system
energy + matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
Organisms are open systems
№12 слайд
Содержание слайда: The First Law of Thermodynamics
= energy of the universe is constant
Energy can be transferred and transformed
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
The first law is also called the principle of CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
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Содержание слайда: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
During every energy transfer or transformation
entropy (disorder) of the universe INCREASES
some energy is unusable, often lost as heat
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Содержание слайда: Free-Energy Change (G) can help tell which reactions will happen
∆G = change in free energy
∆H = change in total energy (enthalpy) or change ∆S = entropy
T = temperature
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
Only processes with a negative ∆G are spontaneous
Spontaneous processes can be harnessed to perform work
№16 слайд
Содержание слайда: Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions in Metabolism
EXERGONIC reactions
(- ∆G)
Release energy
are spontaneous
ENDERGONIC reactions
(+ ∆G)
Absorb energy from
their surroundings
are non-spontaneous
№17 слайд
Содержание слайда: Concept 8.3: ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions
A cell does three main kinds of work:
Mechanical
Transport
Chemical
In the cell, the energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an endergonic reaction
Overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic
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