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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд
Содержание слайда: LECTURE 2
OE Morphology.
OE Syntax.
№2 слайд
Содержание слайда: An Outline
Grammatical categories of the Noun in OE
The Grammatical Categories of the Adjective in OE
Grammatical Categories of the Verb in OE
The Morphological Classification of the OE Verbs
Principal Features of OE Syntax
№3 слайд
Содержание слайда: PIE had been an inflected language and PG had retained inflections to a greater a lesser extent.
In grammar, OE carried out some simplifications of the PG system
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: Noun Grammatical categories:
Case
Number
Gender
Noun declensions
№5 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Category of Case
4 cases:
Nominative (the subject case), Accusative ( the object case), Genitive (indicating possession)
Dative (used after most prepositions and also as the indirect object).
№6 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Category of Number
Sg. and Pl.
Nominative dæġ dagas
Accusative dæġ dæġ
Genitive dæġes daga
Dative dæġe dagum
№7 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Category of Gender
MFN
Present-day English has only natural gender,
Gender in OE is grammatical.
Cf. OE moegden (girl), wīf (wife), bearn (child, son), and cild (child) are in fact neuter.
№8 слайд
Содержание слайда: Noun declensions
A group of nouns which all have the same set of inflexions attached to them are the members of a particular declension.
№9 слайд
Содержание слайда: Types of declensions in OE:
strong declension
weak declension
root declension
minor declensions
№10 слайд
Содержание слайда: strong declension
a-stems,
ō-stems,
i-stems,
u-stems.
№11 слайд
Содержание слайда: strong declension
(a-stems masculine)
Singular Plural
stān stānas
stānes stāna
stāne stānum
stān stānas
№12 слайд
Содержание слайда: The a-stems form the most important declension for the later history of the language.
The a-stems form the most important declension for the later history of the language.
Cf. ModE stones – OE stānas
the plural inflexion -as is the antecedent of the modern standard plural marker.
№13 слайд
Содержание слайда: weak declension
n-stems nouns
This declension gave the later -en plural
Cf. ModE oxen ( < OE oxan)
№14 слайд
№15 слайд
Содержание слайда: Root declension
Its most obvious characteristic is that they should have shown i-mutation.
№16 слайд
Содержание слайда: Singular Plural
Singular Plural
Nom. fōt fēt
Gen. fōtes fōta
Dat. fēt fōtum
Acc. fōt fēt
it is the source of irregular plurals;
PDE foot ~ feet, man ~ men, goose ~ geese.
№17 слайд
Содержание слайда: OE Adjectives
Grammatical categories:
1) Number;
2) Case;
3) Gender;
Degrees of comparison.
Declensions: strong and weak.
№18 слайд
Содержание слайда: OE Verb
The categories of OE Verb:
The category of Person (three persons)
The category of Number (two numbers)
The category of Mood (three moods)
The category of Tense (present and past)
№19 слайд
Содержание слайда: The progressive constructions:
Cf. Europe hio onginð... of Danai þære ie, seo is irnende of norÞdæle...
Europe she begins... from Don that river, that is running from northern-part...
№20 слайд
Содержание слайда: The perfect and plusperfect constructions
Cf. Ic hæbbe gebunden þone feond;
I have bound that enemy”
№21 слайд
Содержание слайда: Passive constructions
OE he gefeaht wiþ Gotan, & gefliemed weard & bedrifen on anne tun
he fought against Goths and put-to-flight was and driven into one fortress
PDE: he fought against the Goths and was put to flight and driven into afortress;
№22 слайд
Содержание слайда: Morphological classes of OE verbs
strong,
weak,
preterit-presents,
irregular
№23 слайд
Содержание слайда: A peculiar feature of the Germanic languages was the division of the verb into two great classes: the weak and the strong verbs.
№24 слайд
Содержание слайда: Strong verbs
7 classes or “ablaut series”
Four forms: the infinitive, the past singular, the past plural, and the past participle.
Their major categories are formed by root-vowel alternations (ablaut).
№25 слайд
Содержание слайда: I. drīfan drāf drifon (ge) drifen
II. cēosan cēas curon coren
III. helpan healp hulpon holpen
IV. beran bær boren
V. sprecan spræc sprecen
VI. faran fōr fōron faren
VII. feallan fēoll fēollon feallen
№26 слайд
Содержание слайда: Weak verbs
Three forms: present infinitive; past tense; past participle.
They form these forms by means of the dental suffixes.
№27 слайд
№28 слайд
Содержание слайда: OE Syntax
OE was a highly inflected language.
Meaning was determined by case endings: that is, the relationship among words in a sentence was determined not by the word in the sentence, but by the special endings of the words