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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Category of Voice
Different Approaches
№2 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Category of Voice: General Information
The category of voice shows the information focus in the sentence.
Voice (from Latin vox-vocis ‘a faculty of speech’) is the grammatical category of the verb expressing parsing of the situation information structure as conceived by the speaker. It is a speaker-related category.
Different approaches to voice:
formal (traditional): two voices - H. Sweet, O. Jespersen, A.I. Smirnitsky, L.S. Barchudarov;
semantic: five voices - H. Poutsma, I.I. Ivanova;
V.Y. Plotkin’s: no voices.
№3 слайд
Содержание слайда: Traditional Approach: Two Voices | Form
The category of voice (as well as aspect and phase) is based on the existence of analytical forms within the system of the English verb, which are opposed to the unmarked forms (L.S. Barchudarov).
It is the opposition of the categorial forms of active and passive voice.
The active voice is unmarked. The passive voice is marked, analytical, has a discontinuous morpheme {be + -ed/n, etc.}.
Some verbs are not used in forms of passive voice: be, seem, become, appear, go*, come*, belong, consist, or used rarely, with certain semantic and contextual restrictions: sit, live, sleep, walk, jump, have, etc.
* is gone, is come are combinations of be + participle II.
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: Traditional Approach: Two Voices | Meaning
Active Voice
extensive
active meaning (agent)
He opened the door.
non-active (not or not only the agent)
She broke her leg (passive).
The concert began (middle).
John shaved himself (reflexive).
They kissed each other (reciprocal).
№5 слайд
Содержание слайда: Semantic Approach: Five Voices
Active voice
I asked a question.
Passive voice
He was asked a question.
Middle voice
The door opened.
Reflexive voice
She dressed herself.
Reciprocal voice
They met in the street.
№6 слайд
Содержание слайда: V.Y. Plotkin’s Approach: No Voices
There were no category of voice in OE and it did not appear in ModE due to the absence of synthetic forms.
According to V.Y. Plotkin, a grammatical category may only be distinguished
if it has the ‘synthetic basis’.
He is asked is an analytical combination with passive meaning.
№7 слайд
Содержание слайда: Thank you for your attention!