Презентация Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants Zvereva Mila school of pharmacy онлайн

Содержание слайда: Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants Zvereva Mila school of pharmacy

Содержание слайда: Overview  10700 y.a. – The betel nut was chewed in Thailand  7000 y.a. – Coca was being used in the Andes   Before European contact – Native Americans used tobacco

Содержание слайда: Legality The resolution of the government of Russian Federation N 681 (30.06.1998) 1) list I: mescaline and its derivatives, hashish, heroin, marijuana, methadone, MMDA, opium, psilocybin , psilocin, ephedrine, etc. 2) list II: codeine, cocaine, morphine, ethylmorphine, omnopon, fentanyl, promedol, etc. 3) list III: barbital, nitrazepam, diazepam, taren, etc. 4) list IV:ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, acetone, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate, acetic acid, etc.

Содержание слайда: Mechanisms and effects Agonists: increasing the synthesis of one or more neurotransmitters reducing its reuptake from the synapses mimicking the action by binding directly to the postsynaptic receptor Antagonists: interfering with synthesis blocking postsynaptic receptors

Содержание слайда: Mechanisms and effects

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Содержание слайда: Addiction psychological dependence  physical dependence

Содержание слайда: Usage Anxiolytics Example: Benzodiazepine Euphoriants Example: MDMA (Ecstasy), MDA, 6-APB, Indopan Stimulants ("uppers") Examples: amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine Depressants ("downers"), including sedatives, hypnotics, and narcotics. Examples: ethanol (alcoholic beverages), opioids,  barbiturates,  benzodiazepines Hallucinogens, including  psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Examples: psilocybin, LSD, Salvia divinorum and nitrous oxide

Содержание слайда: Ritual and spiritual

Содержание слайда: Recreation alcohol –in most areas of the world it is legal for those over a certain age tobacco – a legal drug cannabis caffeine - a legal drug, contained in coffee, tea, energy drinsks, and some soft drinks MDMA cocaine  amphetamines – prescribed for ADHD psilocybin mushrooms  LSD –banned in October 1968 by US President Lyndon B Johnson. opiates and opioids – available by prescription. tranquilizers – barbiturates, benzodiazepines - commonly prescribed for anxiety nitrous oxide - legal ketamine – used by paramedics in emergency situations for its  dissociative  and  analgesic qualities amyl nitrite – a vasodilator (legal) other drugs (antidepressants, tranquilizers, analgesics, etc)

Содержание слайда: Pharmacoyherapy Anesthesia Pain management Mental disorders

Содержание слайда: Depression and Antidepressants Key facts: Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease More women are affected by depression than men At its worst, depression can lead to suicide There are effective treatments for depression

Содержание слайда: Drugs used for the treatment of depression: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) St. John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum)

Содержание слайда: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs Citalopram (Celexa)  Escitalopram (Lexapro)  Fluoxetine (Prozac)  Paroxetine (Paxil)  Sertraline (Zoloft)  Vilazodone (Viibryd) Vortioxetine (Brintellix)

Содержание слайда: Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)  Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)

Содержание слайда: Other Antidepressants Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Mirtazapine (Remeron, Remeron SolTab) Trazodone (Desyrel, Oleptro)

Содержание слайда: Tricyclic antidepressants, TCAs Amitriptyline (Elavil)  Desipramine (Norpramin)  Imipramine (Tofranil)  Clomipramine (Anafranil)  Nortriptyline (Pamelor)  Protriptyline (Vivactil) Doxepin (Sinequan, Silenor) Trimipramine (Surmontil)  Amoxapine  

Содержание слайда: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors,MAO Is Selegiline transdermal patch (Emsam) Tranylcypromine (Parnate)  Phenelzine (Nardil)  Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

Содержание слайда: Herbals Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort)

Содержание слайда: The End