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№1 слайд![General terms of transmission](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img0.jpg)
Содержание слайда: General terms of transmission lines performance and simulation
Prof. Evgeniy (Eugen) SHESKIN
SPbPU, Institute of Energy and Transport Systems
№2 слайд![Topics Power Systems](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Topics
Power Systems Structure and Basic Elements
AC Transmission Lines Modeling
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Typical Parameters Of Transmission Lines
AC Transmission Lines Performance In No-Load Modes
AC Transmission Lines Performance Under Load Conditions
Power Transfer and Stability Considerations
Reactive Power Demand
Tasks
№3 слайд![. Basic Circuit Elements](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1. Basic Circuit Elements
№4 слайд![. Phasor Notation](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1. Phasor Notation
sinusoidally varying voltage is represented as an arrow of constant length, spinning around at the constant frequency ω;
we can ignore this circular spinning to the extent that it will be the same for all quantities, and they are not spinning in relation to each other (only when f = const!).
№5 слайд![. Power System Structure Main](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1. Power System Structure
Main elements:
1. Generators;
2. Transformers;
3. Transmission lines.
№6 слайд![. Control Structure Things we](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img5.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1. Control Structure
Things we can control:
Power flows;
System frequency;
Node voltages.
№7 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img6.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
To develop performance equations and models for transmission lines;
To examine the power transfer capabilities of transmission lines as influenced by voltage, reactive power, and system stability considerations;
To examine factors influencing the flow of active power and reactive power through transmission networks;
To describe analytical techniques for the analysis of power flow in transmission systems.
№8 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
Series Resistance (R). The resistances of lines accounting for stranding and skin effect are determined from manufacturers’ tables.
Shunt Conductance (G). The shunt conductance represents losses due to leakage currents along insulator strings and corona. In power lines, its effect is small and usually neglected.
Series Inductance (L). The line inductance depends on the partial flux linkages within the conductor cross section and external flux linkages
Shunt Capacitance (C). The potential difference between the conductors of a transmission line causes the conductors to be charged; the charge per unit of potential difference is the capacitance between conductors
№9 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img8.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
AC transmission line tower construction defines its electric parameters.
AC transmission line electric parameters define its performance in various under-voltage conditions.
№10 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img9.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
№11 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
The constant Zc is called the characteristic impedance and γ is called the propagation constant.
The constants у and Zc are complex quantities. The real part of the propagation constant у is called the attenuation constant α, and the imaginary part the phase constant β.
№12 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img11.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
The power delivered by a transmission line when it is terminated by its surge impedance is known as the natural load or surge impedance load (SIL).
№13 слайд![. AC Transmission Lines](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img12.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. AC Transmission Lines Modeling
№14 слайд![. Classification of TL by](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 3. Classification of TL by Length
Short lines: lines shorter than about 100 km (60 mi). They have negligible shunt capacitance, and may be represented by their series impedance.
Medium-length lines: lines with lengths in the range of 100 km to about 300 km (190 mi). They may be represented by the nominal π equivalent circuit.
Long lines: lines longer than about 300 km. For such lines the distributed effects of the parameters are significant. They need to be represented by the equivalent π circuit. Alternatively, they may be represented by cascaded sections of shorter lengths, with each section represented by a nominal π equivalent.
№15 слайд![. Typical Parameters](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 4. Typical Parameters
№16 слайд![. Performance of a TL no-load](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 5. Performance of a TL (no-load)
(a) Receiving end is opened (IR=0)
№17 слайд![. Performance of a TL no-load](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 5. Performance of a TL (no-load)
Voltage profile
№18 слайд![. Performance of a TL no-load](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img17.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 5. Performance of a TL (no-load)
(b) Line connected to sources at both ends
№19 слайд![. Performance of a TL no-load](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img18.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 5. Performance of a TL (no-load)
Voltage profile
№20 слайд![. Performance of a TL under](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img19.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 6. Performance of a TL (under load)
(a) Radial line with fixed sending end voltage; load PR+jQR.
№21 слайд![. Performance of a TL under](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img20.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 6. Performance of a TL (under load)
(b) Line connected to sources at both ends
№22 слайд![. Power Transfer and](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img21.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 7. Power Transfer and Stability Considerations
Let δ be the angle by which ES leads ER
№23 слайд![. Power Transfer and](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 7. Power Transfer and Stability Considerations
№24 слайд![. Reactive Power Demand](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img23.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 8. Reactive Power Demand
№25 слайд![. Tasks](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 9. Tasks
№26 слайд![. Answers](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img25.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 10. Answers
№27 слайд![Thank you for your attention!](/documents_6/5ef2fbd2afda52a8683721dfcb698e7d/img26.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Thank you for your attention!