Презентация Bluetooth 101. Training for Plantronics онлайн
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Презентации » Технология » Bluetooth 101. Training for Plantronics
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- Тип файла:ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
- Всего слайдов:126 слайдов
- Для класса:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№10 слайд
![Identifying Bluetooth Devices](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img9.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Identifying Bluetooth Devices
Each Bluetooth device is assigned a unique 48-bit MAC address by the Bluetooth SIG
This is enough addresses for 281,474,976,710,656 Bluetooth units, this should last a few years even with the optimistic predictions of the analysts!
The address is split into three parts:
LAP: Lower Address Part - used to generate frequency hop pattern and header sync word
UAP: Upper Address Part - used to initialize the HEC and CRC engines
NAP: Non-significant Address Part - used to seed the encryption engine
№11 слайд
![Bluetooth Channels A master](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Bluetooth Channels
A master can create two types of logical channel with a slave device:
Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL): Packet Switched System provides a reliable data connection with a best effort bandwidth; depends on radio performance and number of devices in the piconet
Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO): Circuit Switched System provides real time unreliable connection with a guaranteed bandwidth; usually used for voice based applications
The Bluetooth connections are limited to 1Mbps across the air (without EDR)
This gives a theoretical maximum of ~723kbps of useable data
№14 слайд
![Frequency Hopping Spread](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum - FHSS
Bluetooth splits the spectrum up into 79 1MHz wide channels
The Bluetooth radio changes transmission frequency 1600 times a second for a 1 slot packet type
The frequency hops follow a pseudo-random sequence that meets the power density requirements for the FCC and other regulatory bodies
№15 слайд
![Benefits of FHSS Reliability](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Benefits of FHSS
Reliability - If a packet is not correctly received on one channel due to interference it is unlikely that there will be interference on the next channel used to re-transmit the data
Low Interference - Conversely, if Bluetooth is interfering with another system that uses a set of channels, Bluetooth will only use those channels a small proportion of the time
Security - Since the hop pattern is pseudo random it is very difficult for anyone to eavesdrop on the Bluetooth link
№16 слайд
![Hop Selection and](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Hop Selection and Synchronization
One frequency hop lasts 625µs, this increment is called a time slot
Each Bluetooth device has a clock circuit that counts frequency hops
The address of the master of the piconet is used to seed a frequency hop calculation algorithm
The phase of the hop sequence is defined by the Bluetooth clock of the master
Device address and clock phase information is exchanged during connection negotiation
The slave synchronizes its own clock to the master’s during connection so that both devices change frequency at the same time
№17 слайд
![Adaptive Frequency Hopping](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Introduced in Bluetooth v1.2
Bluetooth shares the 2.4GHz ISM band with:
802.11b/g Wi-Fi Systems
2.4GHz cordless phones
Microwave ovens
More devices = More interference.
802.11b/g does not work well with BT interferers.
AFH allows BT to avoid known ‘bad’ channels.
Increased bandwidth, reduced lost data.
№25 слайд
![Modulation Scheme During each](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Modulation Scheme
During each hop, data is transmitted using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying, G-FSK.
FSK uses two different frequencies to transmit a binary ‘1’ or ‘0’
For Bluetooth the two frequencies are:
fc + for ‘1’
fc - for ‘0’ where fc = frequency of current hop and = ~157kHz
№29 слайд
![Transmission timing A slave](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img28.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Transmission timing
A slave can only send data to the master after it has received a valid packet from the master
Masters transmit in even numbered slots and slaves respond in the next odd numbered slot
Single slot packets are less then 366µs long to allow the synthesizer to retune to the next frequency hop
№31 слайд
![Packet Types There are basic](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img30.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Packet Types
There are 14 basic rate packet types defined, split into 4 segments:
Common Packets (both ACL & SCO)
Single slot packets
ACL 3 slot packets
ACL 5 slot packets
Each packet type has a different level of error correction and protection and different size payloads
№32 слайд
![Forward Error Correction](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img31.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Forward Error Correction
Bluetooth defines three levels of forward error correction
No Error Correction:
There is no error correction!
Data is just put in the payload and sent
1/3 FEC:
Each bit is repeated 3 times
Majority voting decides bit value
2/3 FEC:
The data is encoded using a (15,10) shortened hamming code
Every 10 bits of data are encoded into 15 bits of data
Can correct single bit errors and detect double bit errors
№39 слайд
![Enhanced SCO eSCO Bluetooth v](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img38.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Enhanced SCO (eSCO)
Bluetooth v1.1 SCO connections have serious impact on air interface usage.
Limited to 64kbps audio with CVSD encoding
CVSD highly susceptible to packet loss
No packet re-transmission
Bluetooth v1.2 added multi-slot SCO packet types
allows variable data rates
Larger duty cycle allows additional connections, scans, etc
Also added CRC, FEC and data re-transmission
№44 слайд
![Power Classes Bluetooth](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img43.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Power Classes
Bluetooth defines 3 power classes for devices:
Class 1: 0dBm to +20dBm (1mW to 100mW)
Class 2: -6dBm to +4dBm (250µW to 2.5mW)
Class 3: <0dBm ( <1mW)
These power classes translate into approximate distances often used when discussing Bluetooth:
Class 1: 100 Meters
Class 2: 10 Meters
Class 3: <10 Meters
№45 слайд
![Discovering and Connecting to](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img44.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Discovering and Connecting to Other Devices
For a Bluetooth device to discover new devices that are in range it must perform an inquiry
A device that wants to be found by another device must be in inquiry scan mode
Once a device has been found it must be paged to initiate a connection
A device that wants to be connected to must be in Page Scan Mode.
A device that wants to connect to a particular device must be in Page Mode
№52 слайд
![Numeric Comparison Step User](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img51.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Numeric Comparison
Step 1 – User enables technology on PC and activates connection from phone
Step 2 – User selects “ADD”
Step 3 – Phone displays ‘laptop’ and asks user if he/she wishes to connect
Step 4 – Phone displays 6-digit number and asks user to confirm
Same for mobile phone to car kit and mobile to stereo headset
№54 слайд
![Extended Inquiry Response](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img53.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Extended Inquiry Response
Feature of Bluetooth 2.1
Problem:
Takes a long time to find devices, work out what they are called, and what you can do with them…
Solution:
Include information in the inquiry response
Name of Device
Profiles supported
Etc.
Side effects
Task oriented actions quicker as devices can get filtered quickly
Can transmit other information: time, location, etc.
№55 слайд
![Low Power Modes To help](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img54.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Low Power Modes
To help reduce power consumption, there are three Bluetooth low power modes
Sniff Mode (The most used)
Hold Mode
Park Mode
Slaves can request to be placed in any of these modes
Masters can ask a slave to enter one of these modes
Masters can also force a slave into one of these modes if it has previously accepted the mode
№56 слайд
![Sniff Subrating Feature of](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img55.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Sniff Subrating
Feature of Bluetooth 2.1
Problem:
HID devices want low power and low latency
Solution:
Laptop transmits packets at required latency to mouse to give low latency
Mouse ignores laptop most of the time
Side effects
Better scatternet support
Mouse has 2-3 times better battery life
Keyboard has 10x better battery life
№57 слайд
![Sniff Mode Devices agree upon](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img56.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Sniff Mode
Devices agree upon a time delay during which no communication will occur
During the silent periods the slave can sleep or perform other functions
After the silent period the slave wakes up and ‘sniffs’ for a number of slots for its AM_ADR. If there is no data it goes back to sleep
Any active SCO connections between the devices must still be supported
Difference between sniff and hold mode:
Hold mode is a one shot deal during which no communication occurs
Sniff mode defines a repeating period during which no communication occurs
№61 слайд
![The Link Manager LM Manages](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img60.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Link Manager (LM)
Manages link set-up
Manages security
Manages piconet connections
Provides test modes for simplified testing
Link manager messages have higher priority than user data
LMP messages are not specifically acknowledged
LM assumes LC provides error free link
But, LC cannot supply 100% error free link!
№62 слайд
![The Link Manager LM cont Link](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img61.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Link Manager (LM) cont
Link Set-up Procedures:
Processes results of Inquiry and Page
“Non-connection” oriented commands
Device Name, Class of Device, etc.
Security Procedures:
Authentication, Authorization, Encryption
Safer+ algorithm up to 128-bit encryption key
Remember there are regional encryption laws to abide by!
Pairing and Bonding
№65 слайд
![Host Controller Interface HCI](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img64.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Host Controller Interface (HCI)
The HCI interface defines a physical connection between a host (e.g. PC) and a host controller (e.g. Bluetooth module)
The specification defines three interfaces:
USB v1.1
RS-232
UART
It also defines messages that are passed across the HCI interface
№67 слайд
![HCI cont. Independent of](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img66.jpg)
Содержание слайда: HCI cont.
Independent of hardware implementation
Standard interface to Link Manager and Link Controller
HCI Command groups:
Link Control (Inquiry, Paging, Encryption, etc.)
Link Policy (Hold, Sniff, Park, QoS)
Host Controller and Baseband Commands (PINs, event masks, timeouts, etc.)
Informational Parameters (Device address, country code, buffers)
Status (Link Quality, RSSI, Failed connections)
Testing (Test mode commands)
Vendor specific commands
№69 слайд
![Logical Link Control and](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img68.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Logical Link Control
Multiplexing: many logical links onto one physical link
Adaptation
Segmentation & reassembly: adapts large packets to baseband size
Protocol
A well defined set of signaling rules understood by all devices
№72 слайд
![L CAP Quality of Service No](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img71.jpg)
Содержание слайда: L2CAP Quality of Service
No Traffic
This level indicates that no traffic will be sent out. Traffic will be incoming only
Best Effort
Default level of service for all links
All values included in the QoS request should be viewed as hints and may be entirely ignored
Guaranteed
Remote device will attempt to honor the service level
Cannot overcome radio level interference
Not likely to be able to be maintained under poor radio conditions.
Best level of QoS for adding multiple connections
№74 слайд
![Service Discovery Protocol](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img73.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
SDP servers maintain a database on services offered
Made up of service records.
Servers maintain their own database, there is no central registry.
SDP allows clients to search for services.
based on attributes and service classes.
SDP uses connections set up via the usual Inquiry and Paging operations.
№77 слайд
![RFCOMM Serial cable](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img76.jpg)
Содержание слайда: RFCOMM
Serial cable replacement
Up to 60 emulated serial port connections per RFCOMM session
Depending on implementation, multiple RFCOMM sessions are possible
Large base of legacy applications using serial communications
Uses GSM TS 07.10 standard
Credit Based Flow Control
Negotiated credit tokens determine data flow
RS-232 control signal emulation
RS-232 flow control emulation
Software (Xon/Xoff)
Hardware (CTS/RTS)
№79 слайд
![Bluetooth Profiles Basic set](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img78.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Bluetooth Profiles
Basic set of standards for common usage models.
Reduces set of requirements for each usage model.
Ensures interoperability
Radio Level – ensures devices can contact each other.
Protocol Level – ensures devices can communicate.
User/usage Level:
Ensures application can interoperate.
Ensures user can interact with the device.
№86 слайд
![Profiles A DP- Advanced Audio](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img85.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Profiles
A2DP- Advanced Audio Distribution Profile
AVRCP - A/V Remote Control Profile
BIP - Basic Imaging Profile
BPP - Basic Printing Profile
CTP - Cordless Telephony Profile
DID - Device ID Profile
DUN - Dial-Up Networking Profile
FAX - Fax Profile
FTP - File Transfer Profile
GAVDP - Generic A/V Distribution Profile
GOEP - Generic Object Exchange Profile
HCRP - Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile
HDP - Health Device Profile
№96 слайд
![Call Control Audio connection](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img95.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Call Control
Audio connection setup
Audio connection release
Answer incoming call from AG
Change in-band ring tone setting
Reject incoming call from HF
Reject incoming call from AG
Audio connection transfer toward HF
Audio connection transfer toward AG
Place call with phone number supplied by HF
№100 слайд
![Configuration and Roles](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img99.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Configuration and Roles
Source (SRC)
Source of digital audio stream that is delivered to the sink of the piconet
Media player, phone, PC
Sink (SNK)
Acts as a sink of the digital audio stream that is delivered by the source
Stereo headset, wireless speakers, car audio system
№102 слайд
![Codec Specific Information](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img101.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Codec Specific Information Elements
AVDTP signaling procedure negotiates codec parameters
Parameters part of Codec Specific Information Elements
Sampling frequencies
Channel modes (mono, dual channel, stereo, joint stereo)
Bit rates
Other information specific to selected codecs
№109 слайд
![AV C Command Types UNIT INFO](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img108.jpg)
Содержание слайда: AV/C Command Types
UNIT INFO
1394 Trade Association AV/C Digital Interface Command Set
SUBUNIT INFO
1394 Trade Association AV/C Digital Interface Command Set
VENDOR DEPENDENT
Allows own set of AV/C commands
PASS THROUGH
Used to transfer user operation information from CT to Panel subunit of TG
№110 слайд
![A V Categories A V categories](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img109.jpg)
Содержание слайда: A/V Categories
A/V categories specified to ensure interoperability
Four Categories
Player/Recorder
Monitor/Amplifier
Tuner
Menu
Each category has operations which are:
Mandatory for the TG
Optional
Not supported
It is mandatory for CT to support
At least one category
At least one operation
№112 слайд
![Newer AVRCP Versions AVRCP .](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img111.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Newer AVRCP Versions
AVRCP 1.3 - adds support for metadata
Query capabilities
Query application settings
Attributes for currently selected media track
Event notifications
Continuation (i.e. segmentation/re-assembly)
Group navigation
AVRCP 1.4
Media player selection
Browsing
Searching
Advanced volume control
№117 слайд
![Phone Book Objects and](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img116.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Phone Book Objects and Representations
Based upon IR Mobile Communications specification
Five types of phone book objects
Main phone book – entries are vCard 2.1 or 3.0 in XML format
Incoming call history
Outgoing call history
Missed call history
Combined call history
Object representations
File representation
Folder representation
№123 слайд
![Bluetooth . BTle Used to](/documents_6/e3389d95160ee841e32a93c4d50607b2/img122.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Bluetooth 4.0 (BTle)
Used to transfer simple data sets between compact devices
Opens up whole new classes of Bluetooth applications
watches, sneakers, TV remote controls, medical sensors, etc.
Takes less time to make a connection than conventional Bluetooth.
Consumes approximately 98% less power than Bluetooth Basic Rate
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