Оцените презентацию от 1 до 5 баллов!
Тип файла:
ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
Всего слайдов:
26 слайдов
Для класса:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
Размер файла:
2.17 MB
Просмотров:
81
Скачиваний:
0
Автор:
неизвестен
Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд![IMPLEMENTING IOE Assist.](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img0.jpg)
Содержание слайда: IMPLEMENTING IOE
Assist. Prof. Rassim Suliyev - SDU 2017
№2 слайд![Getting Input from Sensors](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Getting Input from Sensors
Sensors give report on the world around it
Sensors convert physical input to an electrical signal
The electrical signal depends on the kind of sensor and how much information it needs to transmit
Some use substance that alters their electrical properties in response to physical change
Others are sophisticated electronic modules that use their own microcontroller to process information
№3 слайд![Methods to provide](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Methods to provide information
Digital on/off - switch a voltage on and off
Tilt sensor
Motion sensor
Analog - provide an analog signal (voltage)
Temperature sensor
Light intensity sensor
Pulse width - measure the duration of a pulse
Distance sensors
№4 слайд![Methods to provide](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Methods to provide information
Serial - provide values using a serial protocol
RFID reader
GPS module
Synchronous protocols: I2C and SPI
The I2C and SPI digital standards were created for microcontrollers to talk to external sensors and modules
These protocols are used extensively for sensors, actuators, and peripherals
E.g: compass module, LCD display
№5 слайд![Consumer devices Contain](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Consumer devices
Contain sensors but are sold as devices in their own right
Provide sensors already incorporated into robust and ergonomic devices
They are also inexpensive as they are mass-produced
PS2 mouse
PlayStation game controller
№6 слайд![Data sheets Contains](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img5.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Data sheets
Contains information about a sensor’s output signal
Available from the company from which you bought the device
Google search of the device part number or description
Are aimed at engineers designing products to be manufactured
Usually provide more detail than you need
Information on output signal will usually be in a section:
Data format, interface, output signal, or something similar
Check the maximum voltage!!!
№7 слайд![Noises Reading sensors from](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img6.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Noises
Reading sensors from the messy analog world is a mixture of science, art, and perseverance
Use trial and error method to get a successful result
Common problem:
Sensor just tells you a physical condition has occurred
But not what caused it
Skills to acquire with experience:
Putting the sensor in the right context
Location, range, orientation
Limiting its exposure to things that you don’t want to activate it
Separating the desired signal from background noise
Use a threshold to detect when a signal is above a certain level
Take the average of a number of readings to smooth out noise spikes
№8 слайд![Detecting Movement Detect](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting Movement
Detect when something is moved, tilted, or shaken
Tilt sensor - switch that closes a circuit when tilted
Ball bearing in a box with contacts at one end
Sensitive to small movements of around 5 to 10 degrees
№9 слайд![Detecting Movement](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img8.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting Movement
№10 слайд![Shake detection](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img9.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Shake detection
№11 слайд![millis function Returns long](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: millis() function
Returns long type value - number of milliseconds since the current sketch started running
Will overflow (go back to zero) in approximately 50 days
Determine the duration of the event by subtracting the pre-stored start time from the current time
long startTime = millis();
…do something…
long duration = millis() - startTime;
№12 слайд![Similar digital output](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img11.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Similar digital output sensors
Mechanical switch sensors can be used in similar ways
Float switch can turn on when the water level in a container rises to a certain level
The way a ball cock works in a toilet cistern
A pressure pad can be used to detect when someone stands on it
№13 слайд![Detecting Light Detect](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img12.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting Light
Detect changes in light levels
Something passes in front of a light detector
Detecting when a room is getting too dark
Use a light dependent resistor (LDR)
Changes resistance with changing light levels
Produces a change in voltage
№14 слайд![Detecting Light Not full](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting Light
Not full range of possible values (0-1023)
Since voltage will not be swinging between 0-5 V
LDR - simple kind of sensor called a resistive sensor
Range of resistive sensors respond to changes in different physical characteristics
№15 слайд![When a room is getting dark](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: When a room is getting dark
№16 слайд![Detecting motion](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting motion
№17 слайд![PIR motion detection PIR -](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: PIR motion detection
PIR - passive infrared sensor
measures infrared light radiating from objects
Made from pyroelectric materials
which generate energy when exposed to heat
№18 слайд![Measuring Distance Ultrasonic](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img17.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Measuring Distance
Ultrasonic distance sensor
Measure the distance of an object (2 cm - 3 m)
Modules includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and control circuit
Basic principle of work:
Trigger trig pin for at least 10us with a high level signal
The module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detect whether there is a pulse signal back
Time of high output duration at echo pin is the time from sending ultrasonic to returning.
№19 слайд![How it works Ultrasonic](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img18.jpg)
Содержание слайда: How it works
Ultrasonic sensors provide a measurement of the time it takes for sound to bounce off an object and return to the sensor
Pulse width is proportional to the distance the sound traveled
The speed of sound is 340 meters per second - 29 microseconds per centimeter
Roundtrip = microseconds / 29
Distance in centimeters is: microseconds / 29 / 2
№20 слайд![Measuring Distance](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img19.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Measuring Distance
№21 слайд![pulseIn and delayMicroseconds](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img20.jpg)
Содержание слайда: pulseIn() and delayMicroseconds()
pulseIn(pin, value[, timeout])
Reads a pulse (either HIGH or LOW) on a pin
pin: the number of the pin on which to read the pulse
value: type of pulse to read: either HIGH or LOW
timeout (optional): the number of microseconds to wait for the pulse to be completed. Default is one second
Returns the length of the pulse in microseconds or 0 if no complete pulse was received within the timeout
delayMicroseconds(us)
Pauses the program for the us amount of time (in microseconds) specified as parameter
№22 слайд![IR distance rangers Generally](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img21.jpg)
Содержание слайда: IR distance rangers
Generally provide an analog output
Have greater accuracy than ultrasonic sensors
Range of 10 cm to 1 m or 2 m
Output from the IR sensor is not linear (not proportional to distance)
Distance values can be found by trial and error
№23 слайд![Measuring Temperature LM heat](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Measuring Temperature
LM35 heat detection sensor
Produces an analog voltage directly proportional to temperature
1 millivolt per 0.1°C (10mV per degree)
The sensor accuracy is around 0.5°C,
Functional range: from -40°C to 150°C
№24 слайд![Measuring Temperature](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img23.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Measuring Temperature
№25 слайд![Detecting Vibration Piezo](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting Vibration
Piezo sensor responds to vibration
Produces a voltage in response to physical stress
The more it is stressed, the higher the voltage
Piezo is polarized (has + and -)
A high-value resistor (1 megohm) is connected across the sensor
№26 слайд![Detecting Vibration](/documents_6/b6e1256ef897d7e44ee0491db3fd42b2/img25.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Detecting Vibration