Оцените презентацию от 1 до 5 баллов!
Тип файла:
ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
Всего слайдов:
17 слайдов
Для класса:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
Размер файла:
109.49 kB
Просмотров:
137
Скачиваний:
0
Автор:
неизвестен
Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд
Содержание слайда: Environmental factors and health of the population
Prepared by assistant lecture of the Department of Radiology and Radiation Therapy Lukoshko E.S.
№2 слайд
Содержание слайда: Required theoretical knowledge
Environmental factors: definition, classification and general characteristics.
Characteristics of abiotic environmental factors.
Characteristics of biotic environmental factors.
Specific mechanisms of protection against the adverse effects of environmental factors.
Non - specific mechanisms of protection against the adverse effects of environmental factors.
№3 слайд
Содержание слайда: Environmental factors
Environmental factors – this is properties that have effect on the organism.
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: Classification of Environmental factors
All environmental factors can be classified into 3 big groups:
Abiotic
Biotic
Anthropogenic
№5 слайд
Содержание слайда: Abiotic Environmental factors
Abiotic – they are factors of inanimate nature:
Climatic: temperature, humidity, air pressure, movement of air, deposit, downpour, tornado, drought, etc.
Edaphic: mechanical and chemical composition of the soil.
Orographical: relief, height above sea level, avalanches, landslips.
№6 слайд
Содержание слайда: Abiotic Environmental factors
Geophysical: geomagnetic storm, earthquake, electromagnetic fields.
Hydrographic: floods, bogging, drainage, flooding, sources of water, supply, structure of superficial and underground waters.
Geological: structure of rocks, tectonic breaks, radiation, minerals.
№7 слайд
Содержание слайда: Biotic Environmental factors
Biotic – they are factors associated with the activities of living organisms:
Phytogenic: poisonous and medical plants, plants as food resources, cleaners of air and bioindicators of ecological adverse health effects.
Mikogenic (the impact of fungi).
№8 слайд
Содержание слайда: Biotic Environmental factors
Zoogenic (the impact of animals): poisonous and dangerous animals, animal as reservoirs and carriers of activators of illnesses, as food resources.
Microbiogenic (the influence of microorganisms): microflora of air, water, soil, animals, food, stuffs, object.
№9 слайд
Содержание слайда: Anthropogenic Environmental factors
Anthropogenic – they are man made factors:
Physical: the use of nuclear energy, the effect of noise and vibration.
Chemical: use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
Biological: production of food.
Social: people’s attitudes.
№10 слайд
Содержание слайда: Influence of Environmental factors on organism
They can be:
Irritants, which promote occurrence of adaptive physiological and biochemical changes (hibernation);
Limiters, changing geographical distribution of organisms because of impossibility of existence in the given conditions;
Modifiers, which cause morphological and anatomic organisms changes;
Signals, testifying to changes of other environmental factors.
№11 слайд
Содержание слайда: The general laws of Environmental factors action
The optimum law.
Any ecological factors has limits of positive influence on living organisms. Example: the man badly transmits both strong heat, and strong frosts. For the man are optimal average temperatures – so-called optimum zone. The more deviations from optimum are stronger, the greater degree the given ecological factor oppresses organism live ability. This zone has name pessimum zone. There are critical points in it – “maximum value of the factor” and “minimal value of the factor”; organism destruction comes outside their limits. Distance between minimal and maximal values of the factor named ecological valency or organism tolerance.
№12 слайд
Содержание слайда: The general laws of Environmental factors action
The law of ecological individuality of kinds has been formulated in 1924 by Russian botanist L.G.Ramensky. Ecological spectra (tolerance) of different kinds don’t concur, every kind is specific by their ecological opportunities.
№13 слайд
Содержание слайда: The general laws of Environmental factors action
The law of limiting factor.
Factor is most important for organism which most of all deviates from optimal value. I.e., the organism survival depends from minimal (or maximum) the submitted ecological factor during the given concrete moment. In other time intervals other factors can be limiting. During life of individuals meet with different limitations of the live ability.
№14 слайд
Содержание слайда: The general laws of Environmental factors action
The law of ambiguous action.
Action of every ecological factor is ambiguously at different organism development stages. For development of tadpoles the water is vital, and for adult frog – is not vital condition.
№15 слайд
Содержание слайда: The general laws of Environmental factors action
Ecological factors depending on organism influence are divided on direct and indirect.
Direct ecological factors operate on organisms directly (chemical compound of soil). Indirect ecological factors operate redistributing direct factors. For example: physical soil properties (mechanical structure, moisture capacity, etc.) as indirect factors “redistribute” action of direct factors – chemical properties
№16 слайд
Содержание слайда: The general laws of Environmental factors action
The law of interaction of ecological factors.
The optimum zone and endurance organism limits in relation to any factor can be displaced depending on combination with other factors. So, heat is easier for transferring in dry, instead of in damp air; the frost is worse transferred to a combination with wind weather, etc.
№17 слайд
Содержание слайда: thanks you for your attention !!