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№1 слайд![Lecture Hazardous waste](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img0.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Lecture 8: Hazardous waste
№2 слайд![Is the list definite? If a](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Is the list definite?
If a material is listed in the list of hazardous wastes
It can be classified as non-hazardous if it has none of the listed dangerous properties
If a material is not listed in the list of hazardous wastes
It can be classified as hazardous if it has even one of the listed dangerous properties
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm (general waste info)
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32180.aspx (classification)
In companies, records have to be kept and stored for any operations dealing with hazardous waste (collection, transport)
quantity, nature and origin of hazardous waste
transport and treatment method foreseen
Directive 2008/98/EC provides additional obligations for labeling, record keeping, monitoring and control from the "cradle to the grave", i.e., from the waste producer to the final disposal or recovery.
№3 слайд![Types of hazardous waste](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Types of hazardous waste
Solid wastes
Liquid wastes
Chemicals
Industrial wastes
Well known; in environmental permits
Mainly taken to and treated by hazardous waste companies
Some can be treated in industrial plants
Examples of typical industrial hazardous wastes
metal refineries waste
chemical industry waste
waste oils (not edible oils!)
waste from thermal processes
solvents
№4 слайд![Treatment, main aspects](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Treatment, main aspects
Sorted and labelled waste
Waste to energy
Thermal treatment
Physico-chemical treatment
Biological treatment
Material recovery
Special treatments
Final disposal
№5 слайд![High temperature incineration](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1 High temperature incineration
Process units at Ekokem
The core unit is a 12-metre rotary kiln
1 300oC (Directive 2000/76/EU For Hazardous waste >1100 oC for 2 s )
Long delay time in kiln and after-burn complete decomposition and burning
Energy is recovered electricity and district heat
The slag can be used e.g. in soil construction
Flue gases are cleaned
Cooling
Acid gases washing by lime
Particle removal by electrostatic precipitator
Gaseous emissions: further scrubbing
Dioxine and mercury removal by activated charcoal
At Riihimäki, the energy produced comparable to 43 milj. m3 natural gas.
№6 слайд![High temperature incineration](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img5.jpg)
Содержание слайда: High temperature incineration of hazardous waste
№7 слайд![Physico- chemical processes](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img6.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 4 Physico- chemical processes
Inorganic wastes, such as acids, bases and heavy metal containing liquids are made chemically safe
Main methods
Neutralization of acid and bases
Precipitation of heavy metals
The remaining water is purified for use in processes
Oxidation and reduction reactions
Notice: one type of waste can be used for processing another type of waste
Acid + base
Precipitating media
№8 слайд![Physico-chemical processes](/documents_6/810c95bcdb33530f1446c02420513c93/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Physico-chemical processes