Презентация Introduction to Ecology. Ecological factors онлайн
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- Тип файла:ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
- Всего слайдов:18 слайдов
- Для класса:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
- Размер файла:3.93 MB
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- Автор:неизвестен
Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд
Содержание слайда:
№2 слайд
Содержание слайда: Ecology
Ecology is a branch of biology that studies the interactions of living things with each other and with the environment
Ecology from the Greek oikos, "home," and logos, "to study"
№3 слайд
Содержание слайда:
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: Sciences related to Ecology
The science that studies the distribution of plants and animals is called biogeography
The science that studies abiotic and biotic factors of fresh water is limnology
The branch that studies the biotic and physical conditions of marine ecosystems is called oceanography
The ecology of radiation is called radiology
The ecology of space is called space ecology
№5 слайд
Содержание слайда: Ecological factors
Ecological factor is any factor that influences living organisms, they are divided into 3 groups:
№6 слайд
Содержание слайда: The environment includes abiotic components (nonliving chemical and physical factors) such as temperature, light, water, and nutrients
The environment includes abiotic components (nonliving chemical and physical factors) such as temperature, light, water, and nutrients
Biotic components (living) such as plants, animals, fungi-all the other organisms
№7 слайд
Содержание слайда: Abiotic factors are important determinants of the distribution of organisms in the biosphere
Abiotic factors are important determinants of the distribution of organisms in the biosphere
Climatic Factors:
Light
Temperature
Water
Soil Factors:
Structure of soil
Minerals and salts
№8 слайд
Содержание слайда: The variety of living things on earth is affected and determined by sunlight, temperature, pressure, moisture, and air movements, which are all together called climatic factors
The variety of living things on earth is affected and determined by sunlight, temperature, pressure, moisture, and air movements, which are all together called climatic factors
№9 слайд
Содержание слайда: The energy source for all organisms in nature is light
The energy source for all organisms in nature is light
The reproduction, migration, and pigmentation of various organisms are all affected by light
Light is essential for photosynthesis, thus it affects plants
№10 слайд
Содержание слайда: Temperature
All life on earth needs heat to survive
The source of this heat is sunlight
Animals are placed into two groups according to the relationship between their body temperature and the air temperature:
- poikilothermal animals (without constant body temperature)
- homoiothermal animals (with constant body temperature)
№11 слайд
Содержание слайда: Temperature
Invertebrates, fish, frogs and reptiles are poikilothermal animals – their body temperature depends on environment
Homoiothermal animals are birds and mammals
№12 слайд
Содержание слайда: Water
Plants are placed in three groups according to their water needs:
Hydrophytes - grow where water is always available, ex: water lily and elodea
Mesophytes – grow where water availability is intermittent, ex: clover, lilac
Xerophytes - grow where water is scarce most of the time, ex: cactus
№13 слайд
Содержание слайда: Soil Factors
Soil is very suitable to life for bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, and protozoans
Microorganisms are especially abundant in soil rich in organic wastes
The dominance of a microorganism in a certain area is determined by environmental conditions
№14 слайд
Содержание слайда: Soil factors
Soil, water, air, organic and inorganic molecules are very important for plant growth
The ratios of these 4 groups in the soil are as follows:
- Minerals (Ca, Mg, P, N): 45%
- Organic molecules (plant and animal residues): 5%
- Air: 25%
- Water (soil water with dissolved salts): 25%
№15 слайд
Содержание слайда: Organisms contain very important and vital minerals
Organisms contain very important and vital minerals
The most important ones are N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe and Mg
Deficiency of these causes serious problems in living things
For example, Ca is an element used by all organisms
Calcium is a component of animal endo- and exoskeletons, and is necessary for muscle contraction and blood clotting
№16 слайд
Содержание слайда: A biotic factor is any living component that affects another organism
A biotic factor is any living component that affects another organism
Each biotic factor needs energy to do work and food for proper growth
№17 слайд
Содержание слайда: Biotic components usually include:
Biotic components usually include:
Producers - plants
Consumers - animals, they depend upon producers for food.
Decomposers - fungi and bacteria, they break down chemicals from producers and consumers (usually dead) into simpler form which can be reused
№18 слайд
Содержание слайда: Anthropogenic factors
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