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Презентации » Искусство и Фото » Ancient Egyptian Architecture. Lecture 2
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- Всего слайдов:39 слайдов
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№3 слайд
![Learning Outcomes The](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Learning Outcomes
The influence of geographical location on social life and architecture
Architecture as a store of social history – Architecture of pyramids, tombs and temples – Evolution of architectural elements of column, beam, obelisk, wall relief and clerestory lighting
Architectural principles emphasizing mass rather than space and linearity and axiality as organizing principles
№4 слайд
![Location Located in Africa on](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Location
Located in Africa on the northern edge of the Sahara
The Nile bisects through the land from the south to the north
The Nile is a seasonal river that overflows its bank yearly to create a fertile valley
The Ancient Egyptians lived in the fertile valley and grew their crops
They buried their dead in the desert
№5 слайд
![Period The history of ancient](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Period
The history of ancient Egypt is divided into periods based on ruling dynasties
Seven periods can be identified;
4500 to 2000 BC Early Dynastic
2350 – 2200 BC Old Kingdom
2000- 1600 BC First Intermediate period
1600 – 1717 BC Middle Kingdom
1350 – 612 BC Second Intermediate Period
612 – 539 BC New Kingdom
539 – 330 BC Greek-Roman Period
№6 слайд
![Architectural Ideas Ancient](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img5.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Architectural Ideas
– Ancient Egyptians viewed earthly dwellings as temporary
– They paid little attention to house construction
– The tomb was seen as a permanent dwelling for the afterlife
– Tremendous effort was exerted in tomb construction
– The mummified dead body was buried in a stone box called sarcophagus in the tomb
№9 слайд
![Burial architecture Tombs](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img8.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Burial architecture
Tombs were most outstanding architectural element of the period
Tombs also serve as the focus for the worship of the dead
a bench-like structure over graves to create first burial structure is called Mastaba
The Tomb evolved during the old kingdom from the Mastaba, through the stepped pyramid to the renown ancient Egyptian pyramid
Above ground the Mastaba is a large bench of
sun-baked bricks rising 9 meters high
№12 слайд
![Stepped Pyramid King Zoser](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img11.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Stepped Pyramid
King Zoser was the powerful pharaoh of the third dynasty of the old kingdom
The stepped pyramid was built for king Zoser by Imhotep
It was built as a funeral complex in the necropolis at Saqqara
Imhotep initially conceived of the tomb as a large Mastaba of stone
№14 слайд
![Stepped Pyramid Stepped](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Stepped Pyramid
Stepped pyramid was 200 feet high with 6 giant steps
The burial chamber is entered from the north side and is 92 feet down
On either side of the chamber are store rooms for the kings treasures
All the treasures buried with Zoser have long been stolen
A stone statue of Zoser was also recently found staring out through peep holes in his Serdab
№18 слайд
![Stepped Pyramid In the north](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img17.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Stepped Pyramid
In the north palace is also found stone columns with capitals
They were designed to look like the papyrus plant
Zosers funeral complex was designed as a model of his palace, city and kingdom
The shape of the pyramid suggest a stairway to the sky to join the sun God Amon Ra
№23 слайд
![The Pyramids at Giza Two](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Pyramids at Giza
Two additional pyramids were subsequently built at Giza
The second largest in the center was built by Chefren, the son of Cheops
The third and smallest was built by Mykerinus, the son of Chefren
The three together are referred to as the pyramids at Giza
№25 слайд
![The Great Pyramid of Cheops](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Great Pyramid of Cheops
The great pyramid has a unique internal arrangement
First it has a chamber built below the base of the pyramid
Another chamber was built above it known as the queen’s chamber
A larger burial chamber known as the king’s chamber was built at the center of the pyramid
№28 слайд
![This temple had many small](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img27.jpg)
Содержание слайда: This temple had many small chapels each with false doors
Many statues of the pharaoh were place in the temple so that his ka could come back each night
After prayers to the God Osiris, the body was lowered through the secret opening on the north side to his burial chamber
There he was laid in his stone Sarcophagus
№29 слайд
![The Sphinx at Giza Located in](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img28.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Sphinx at Giza
Located in Giza is the great Sphinx with the body of a lion and head of Chefren
The reason for its construction is not clear
A theory hold that it was produced from leftover material
It may also have been carved to stand guard over the temple and tomb of Chefren
№30 слайд
![Mid amp New Kingdom](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img29.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mid & New Kingdom Burial-Cham
The Middle Kingdom began when pharaoh Mentuhotep united Egypt again after the first intermediate period
During the middle kingdom, the practice of pyramid construction disappeared
Focus in architectural development was however still on tombs and burial chambers
Two categories of structures came into use- mortuary temples and underground tombs
№32 слайд
![Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img31.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep
Entrance to the real tomb is found at the rear from the western courtyard
The burial tomb is accessible through a ramp leading down at the center of the court yard
Just like the pyramid funeral complexes, the temple of Mentuhotep also has a causeway leading to a valley temple
№33 слайд
![Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img32.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
The temple of Mentuhotep served as a model in the design of her temple
Her extraordinary funeral temple located at Del-Al-Bahari, is set against the background of the cliffs
The architect of her temple is believed to be Senmut who is also buried in the temple
№34 слайд
![Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img33.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
The temple of Hatshepsut is like a giant stage on three levels
Each of the three levels was connected by a ramp
On the top level is her chapel dedicated to the goddess Hathor
The chapel was dug out of the rock cliff
Her temple captures the shift from the compact geometry of the old kingdom pyramids to the linear composition of the New Kingdom temples
№35 слайд
![Underground Tomb- Rock Cut](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img34.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Underground Tomb- Rock Cut Tomb
Two types of Underground tombs were built by pharaohs and nobles during the Middle and New Kingdom periods- Rock cut tombs and Shaft tombs
Rock cut tombs are tombs that are carved out of rocks
Many of theses are found along the cliff of the Nile
A very good example is the Rock cut tomb at Beni Hassan
№36 слайд
![Underground Tomb- Rock Cut](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img35.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Underground Tomb- Rock Cut Tomb
Beni Hassan consist of 3 elements:
A colonnade entrance portico for public worship
Behind the portico, a chamber or hall with columns supporting the roof serving as a chapel
A small recess towards the back of the chapel where the person is buried
№38 слайд
![Underground Tomb- Shaft Tombs](/documents_6/85f0879f950db5b4e68f0b0d583ecc04/img37.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Underground Tomb- Shaft Tombs
Shaft tombs were a complex series of underground corridors and rooms cut out of the mountains in the valley of the King at Del-Al-Bahari
The large number of rooms and their complicated arrangement is deliberately done to create a maze or puzzle
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