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- Тип файла:ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
- Всего слайдов:36 слайдов
- Для класса:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
- Размер файла:4.69 MB
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№2 слайд
![My specialties Chemical](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: My specialties
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Nanomaterial Engineering
Chemical Process Intensification
All my specialties focus on the application of mass transfer theory. In this course, I will first give you a account of some basic mass transfer theories, then introduce some applications which I learned.
№3 слайд
![Question What specialized](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Question 1: What specialized courses have you learned in chemical engineering? The answer of this question will let me know your current state. Please tell me your name and student number one by one, and everyone also answer one major course.
Question 1: What specialized courses have you learned in chemical engineering? The answer of this question will let me know your current state. Please tell me your name and student number one by one, and everyone also answer one major course.
№5 слайд
![biomass and ores. The raw](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: biomass and ores. The raw materials are purified and transformed into new substances through separation and reaction operations. Chemical products are essential for modern life. As microstructure engineers, we must have deep insight into chemical process mechanisms. During all chemical processes, mass and heat must be transported to specified positions in time by momentum transfer.
biomass and ores. The raw materials are purified and transformed into new substances through separation and reaction operations. Chemical products are essential for modern life. As microstructure engineers, we must have deep insight into chemical process mechanisms. During all chemical processes, mass and heat must be transported to specified positions in time by momentum transfer.
№8 слайд
![Example Transport of bricks](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Example 2: Transport of bricks
Example 2: Transport of bricks
Three people (including adult, young and old people) stand in a row to transport bricks. The total transfer rate is determined by the slowest person. The mass transfer rate of gas is much higher than that of liquid, which is much higher than that of solid. The higher the viscosity of fluid, the slower the mass transfer rate.
№11 слайд
![The operation by the stupid](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The operation by the stupid woman is called “back-mixing”. Because she mixes the peanut shells with peanuts, the rate of shelling peanuts is markedly reduced by back-mixing. Back-mixing also can markedly lower the rate of mass transfer process.
The operation by the stupid woman is called “back-mixing”. Because she mixes the peanut shells with peanuts, the rate of shelling peanuts is markedly reduced by back-mixing. Back-mixing also can markedly lower the rate of mass transfer process.
№14 слайд
![The easiest method is that](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The easiest method is that when you rinse clothes at second and third times, you should rinse them in the order of the first time. Usually, if you follow the above rinsing sequence, you only need rinsing clothes three times, and your clothes will be very clean. Otherwise, if you disorganized the above order, you will waste your time, tap water and effort.
The easiest method is that when you rinse clothes at second and third times, you should rinse them in the order of the first time. Usually, if you follow the above rinsing sequence, you only need rinsing clothes three times, and your clothes will be very clean. Otherwise, if you disorganized the above order, you will waste your time, tap water and effort.
№15 слайд
![The reason is that disrupting](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The reason is that disrupting the sequence of rinsing clothes will cause severe back-mixing. The washing clothes process produces a lot of foams. The process of rinsing clothes is to remove the foams from the clothes. This is a typical mass transfer process. Back-mixing process will greatly reduce the rate of the mass transfer process. I hope you to experience this process one time, then you will know exactly what is back-mixing.
The reason is that disrupting the sequence of rinsing clothes will cause severe back-mixing. The washing clothes process produces a lot of foams. The process of rinsing clothes is to remove the foams from the clothes. This is a typical mass transfer process. Back-mixing process will greatly reduce the rate of the mass transfer process. I hope you to experience this process one time, then you will know exactly what is back-mixing.
№16 слайд
![. What is mass transfer](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 2. What is mass transfer process?
A component moves to the direction of reducing concentration gradient. The transport occurs from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Equilibrium is reached when the gradient is zero. This transport or migration is known as mass transfer. Mass transfer process in homogeneous phase is mixing process, but separation process usually involves
№17 слайд
![heterogeneous mass transfer](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: heterogeneous mass transfer processes. In chemical engineering, mixing and separating operations are two contradictory unity. Mixing process is spontaneous process, but separation process requires external impetus. In a two-phase separation process, if the mixing processes in the two phases both are very weak, the efficiency of the separation process will be very low.
heterogeneous mass transfer processes. In chemical engineering, mixing and separating operations are two contradictory unity. Mixing process is spontaneous process, but separation process requires external impetus. In a two-phase separation process, if the mixing processes in the two phases both are very weak, the efficiency of the separation process will be very low.
№20 слайд
![Convection mass transfer is](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img19.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Convection mass transfer is the movement of groups of molecules within fluids, it is a passive mass transfer process. Convection includes natural convection and forced convection. Common convection modes include rotating convection and impinging convection. Compared with impinging convection, rotating convection is characterized by smaller energy dissipation and larger scale mixings.
Convection mass transfer is the movement of groups of molecules within fluids, it is a passive mass transfer process. Convection includes natural convection and forced convection. Common convection modes include rotating convection and impinging convection. Compared with impinging convection, rotating convection is characterized by smaller energy dissipation and larger scale mixings.
№21 слайд
![For example it is well-known](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img20.jpg)
Содержание слайда: For example: it is well-known that sweet-scented osmanthus is very fragrant, but only under the role of wind the scent of osmanthus can spread very far.
For example: it is well-known that sweet-scented osmanthus is very fragrant, but only under the role of wind the scent of osmanthus can spread very far.
№24 слайд
![Comparison of diffusion and](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img23.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Comparison of diffusion and convection mass transfer processes
The rate of diffusion mass transfer is very slow, and therefore greatly lowers the scale of mass transfer process. The rate of convection mass transfer can be very fast. So, it can realize large scale mass transfer process. Convection mass transfer process inevitably involves of diffusion process. This process is very like a high-speed train carrying a crawling turtle.
№26 слайд
![Interface mass transfer](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img25.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Interface mass transfer depends on molecules diffusing from one distinct phase to another and is based upon differences in the physico-chemical properties of the molecules, such as vapour pressure or solubility.
Interface mass transfer depends on molecules diffusing from one distinct phase to another and is based upon differences in the physico-chemical properties of the molecules, such as vapour pressure or solubility.
№28 слайд
![Double-film theory from](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img27.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Double-film theory from Lewis-Whitman (1924) for the fluid-phase mass transfer mechanism. Two turbulent flows are located at the two sides of the contact surface, there are two effective fluid membrane; Two fluids of mass transfer between the resistance are all concentrated in the double membrane, solute diffusion to steady way through the film; at the two-phase interface, the two-phase concentration is balanced.
Double-film theory from Lewis-Whitman (1924) for the fluid-phase mass transfer mechanism. Two turbulent flows are located at the two sides of the contact surface, there are two effective fluid membrane; Two fluids of mass transfer between the resistance are all concentrated in the double membrane, solute diffusion to steady way through the film; at the two-phase interface, the two-phase concentration is balanced.
№29 слайд
![A typical example Your native](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img28.jpg)
Содержание слайда: A typical example: Your native language is Russian, but my native language is Chinese. We communicate with each other in English. Because of the two layers of language resistance, it is very difficult for us to communicate with each other. So we have to slow down the speed of language communication.
A typical example: Your native language is Russian, but my native language is Chinese. We communicate with each other in English. Because of the two layers of language resistance, it is very difficult for us to communicate with each other. So we have to slow down the speed of language communication.
№30 слайд
![. Analogies between mass,](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img29.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 6. Analogies between mass, heat, and momentum transfer
There are notable similarities in the commonly used approximate differential equations for the three transport phenomena.
At low Reynolds number (Stokes flow), the molecular transfer equations of Newton's law for fluid momentum, Fourier's law for heat, and Fick's law for mass are very similar. They are all linear approximations to transport of conserved quantities.
№32 слайд
![Take the momentum transfer in](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img31.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Take the momentum transfer in laminar flow as an example:
Take the momentum transfer in laminar flow as an example:
The unit of shear stress (τ) can be expressed as kg·(m/s)/(m2·s), where kg·(m/s) is the unit of momentum. Therefore, shear stress means the momentum pass through 1 square meter in one second. Between two adjacent flow layers, due to the velocity gradients, molecules in the fast flow
№33 слайд
![layer diffuse into the slow](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img32.jpg)
Содержание слайда: layer diffuse into the slow layer and collide with the slow molecules to accelerate them, and vice versa. The exchange of molecules causes the momentum transfer. From macro perspective, the fast layer is dragged back by the slow layer, and the slow layer is pulled forward by the fast layer. This is the shear stess between the two layers.
layer diffuse into the slow layer and collide with the slow molecules to accelerate them, and vice versa. The exchange of molecules causes the momentum transfer. From macro perspective, the fast layer is dragged back by the slow layer, and the slow layer is pulled forward by the fast layer. This is the shear stess between the two layers.
№34 слайд
![At high Reynolds number, the](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img33.jpg)
Содержание слайда: At high Reynolds number, the analogy between mass, heat, and momentum transfer becomes less, but the analogy between heat and mass transfer remains good. A great deal of effort has been devoted to developing analogies among these three transport processes so as to allow prediction of one from any of the others.
At high Reynolds number, the analogy between mass, heat, and momentum transfer becomes less, but the analogy between heat and mass transfer remains good. A great deal of effort has been devoted to developing analogies among these three transport processes so as to allow prediction of one from any of the others.
№35 слайд
![Mass transfer plays an](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img34.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mass transfer plays an important role in chemical industry. A group of separation operations is based on the transfer of material from one homogeneous phase to another, such as gas absorption and stripping, liquid-liquid extraction, leaching, distillation, humidification, drying, crystallization, membrane separation, et al.
Mass transfer plays an important role in chemical industry. A group of separation operations is based on the transfer of material from one homogeneous phase to another, such as gas absorption and stripping, liquid-liquid extraction, leaching, distillation, humidification, drying, crystallization, membrane separation, et al.
№36 слайд
![From macroscopic point,](/documents_6/b7eeee8e71b8f8dee16938b25fb4af53/img35.jpg)
Содержание слайда: From macroscopic point, chemical industry only consists of two opposite parts: mixing and separation. A reactor is a mixer. In a reactor, the purpose of mixing operation is to achieve more uniform distributions of concentration and temperature. Mixing operation is achieved by accelerating momentum transfer to achieve rapid mass and heat transfer process.
From macroscopic point, chemical industry only consists of two opposite parts: mixing and separation. A reactor is a mixer. In a reactor, the purpose of mixing operation is to achieve more uniform distributions of concentration and temperature. Mixing operation is achieved by accelerating momentum transfer to achieve rapid mass and heat transfer process.
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