Оцените презентацию от 1 до 5 баллов!
Тип файла:
ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
Всего слайдов:
38 слайдов
Для класса:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
Размер файла:
5.40 MB
Просмотров:
56
Скачиваний:
0
Автор:
неизвестен
Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд![Using Microcontrollers in](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img0.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Using Microcontrollers in Amateur Radio, an AZ EL Controller Application
A Presentation For The Southwest Ohio Digital Symposium
Presented by Bill Erwin – N9CX January 10, 2009
№2 слайд![Things I Hope To Leave You](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Things I Hope To Leave You With
Share my experience with the rotor controller project
Explain why I made the choices I did
How it works
Status of the project
But more than that:
Why a microcontroller was a good choice for this project
What software development environments are all about
Tempt you to consider experimenting with microcontrollers
№3 слайд![Motivation For This Project](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Motivation For This Project
Developed an interest in LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites
Led to an interest in a better antenna system
Wanted to track LEOs with small beam antennas
Commercial rotors & controllers are available
Didn’t want to commit that much money at this stage of interest
Decided to use inexpensive rotors & build my own controller
№4 слайд![Low Earth Orbit Satellites](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Low Earth Orbit Satellites
Basically LEOs are orbital repeaters
AMSAT has a lot of information on the WEB
LEOs offer some special challenges
They move fast.
Short contacts
Low RF power
№5 слайд![LEO Satellites Vary In Both](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: LEO Satellites Vary In Both Size & Complexity
№6 слайд![Satellite QSOs Are](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img5.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Satellite QSOs Are Interesting!
There are a lot of “things” involved in working the LEO satellites!
Computer screen
Keyboard
Mouse
Downlink frequency
Uplink frequency
Doppler effects
Code paddles or a microphone
Azimuth of the satellite
Elevation of the satellite
№7 слайд![So Many things So Little](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img6.jpg)
Содержание слайда: So Many things – So Little Time!
The window for a QSO is often less than 8 minutes.
If you can automate a few “things”, your QSOs may have more “talk” time.
This project is about automating the rotors for directional azimuth & elevation antennas.
№8 слайд![My Approach To The Project](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: My Approach To The Project
Research the WEB for similar projects
Evaluate what I might do that is different
Understand how rotors work
Keep it (relatively) cheap
Breadboard parts of the design to verify critical assumptions
Rotor controller needs an LCD display & flashing LEDs!
№9 слайд![Why Use A Microcontroller](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img8.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Why Use A Microcontroller Anyway?
№10 слайд![Choices To Make Features](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img9.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Choices To Make
Features
Rotors
Software Development tools & Environment
Microcontroller
№11 слайд![Desirable Features Work with](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Desirable Features
Work with the Nova tracking software
Have 2 main modes: “manual” & “autotrack”
Self-calibrate to any Pulser type rotor
Remember antenna position during powerdown.
Reliable beam positioning – within 5 degrees.
Easy to update the controller software.
Minimize cost
№12 слайд![The Rotor You must understand](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img11.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Rotor – You must understand the thing you are trying to control!
№13 слайд![Yes You Can Stack Them](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img12.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Yes – You Can Stack Them
№14 слайд![Anatomy Of A U Rotor](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Anatomy Of A U100 Rotor #2
№15 слайд![Anatomy Of A U Rotor](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Anatomy Of A U100 Rotor #3
№16 слайд![Anatomy Of A U Rotor](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Anatomy Of A U100 Rotor #4
№17 слайд![Commercial Controller for the](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Commercial Controller for the U100 Rotor
№18 слайд![The Original U Rotor](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img17.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Original U100 Rotor Schematic Diagram
№19 слайд![Model of the U Rotor](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img18.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Model of the U100 Rotor
№20 слайд![Block Diagram Of the Rotor](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img19.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Block Diagram Of the Rotor Controller
№21 слайд![A FEW OF THE ATMEGA FEATURES](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img20.jpg)
Содержание слайда: A FEW OF THE ATMEGA 16 FEATURES
THE DATA SHEET IS 358 PAGES !
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz
– 16K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory
– 512 Bytes EEPROM
– 1K Byte Internal SRAM
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Prescalers
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Prescaler
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Four PWM Channels
– 8-channel, 10-bit ADC
– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
– Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Interface
– 32 Programmable I/O Lines
YOU CAN NOT USE ALL AT SAME TIME – SHARE I/O PINS
№22 слайд![Microcontroller Atmel Atmega](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img21.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Microcontroller – Atmel Atmega16
№23 слайд![Microcontroller Save Time By](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Microcontroller – Save Time By Buying a Proto board
№24 слайд![Partial Schematic of the](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img23.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Partial Schematic of the Rotor Controller System – Rotor interfaces
№25 слайд![Front Panel Switches](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Front Panel Switches – Interface to the Microcontroller
Micro Controller Port assignments (Active low)
Port A Pin 0 - Azimuth ClockWise (CW)
Port A Pin 1 - Azimuth Counter ClockWise (CCW)
Port A Pin 2 - Elevation Up
Port A Pin 3 - Elevation Down
Port A Pin 4 - Calibrate momentary pushbutton
Port A Pin 5 - Auto Track momentary pushbutton
Port A Pin 6 - Azimuth Pulse input
Port A Pin 7 - Elevation Pulse input
LCD Port assignments (4 bit data interface)
Details are in a header file
№26 слайд![Development Environment](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img25.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Development Environment
№27 слайд![Features On My Rotor Control](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img26.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Features On My Rotor Control Box
№28 слайд![Manual Mode - AZ amp EL](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img27.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Manual Mode - AZ & EL Reading
№29 слайд![Auto track mode tracking AO-](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img28.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Auto track mode – tracking AO-10 satellite
№30 слайд![The Rotor Teststand](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img29.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Rotor Teststand
№31 слайд![A Look Under The Hood](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img30.jpg)
Содержание слайда: A Look Under The Hood
№32 слайд![A Few Software Statistics](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img31.jpg)
Содержание слайда: A Few Software Statistics
ATMEGA 16 Controller
16KBytes Flash (Program) memory
512 Bytes of EEPROM
1 K SRAM
Software Sizes
Program 13394 Bytes
Data 262 Bytes – Initialized read only data
BSS 399 Bytes – initialized read/write data
Total 13995 Bytes
30 source files
All source is written in “C”
AVR-GCC Tool Chain programs
№33 слайд![High Level Software Design](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img32.jpg)
Содержание слайда: High Level Software Design
BACKGROUND processing every 5 milliseconds
Watch every switch in the system
Monitor & debounce every switch in the controller
Advertise debounced state to the FOREGROUND processing
Maintain software timers
Decrement every interrupt (5 ms)
FOREGROUND processing
Manage a simple “state machine” based on operating modes:
Calibrate
Initialize
Manual
Auto
Manages the front panel LCD display & LEDs
Fault detection/recovery strategy
№34 слайд![Field Day Satellite Antenna](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img33.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Field Day 2008 Satellite Antenna Setup
№35 слайд![Performance Of The Controller](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img34.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Performance Of The Controller
Used successfully in last two Field Days
Sensitive to drag on the beams – coax
False detection of physical stop or obstruction
Dressing the coax better resolved this
Have changed “late pulse” detection parameters
Be sure the beams are oriented properly before raising the mast <Hi Hi>
I consider it a success but it has not seen extensive use
№36 слайд![Things Left Undone Need to](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img35.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Things Left Undone
Need to get a better schematic in electronic form
Scattered around in a notebook now
Finish the front panel
Print another front panel template and put plastic over it
Need to paint the box
Understand other Pulser rotors better (AR-22)
Mainly for azimuth rotor use
Motor power requirements may not be compatible
Adapt to “Potentiometer” type rotors - Perhaps
Made some accommodations, but didn’t finish this
A few things in the software to clean-up
№37 слайд![Closing Thoughts About](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img36.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Closing Thoughts About Antenna Rotors
Pulsers have many issues to consider
Resolution - must interpolate
Calibration process
Must have persistent memory (power-down) for AZ & EL position
Can find them reasonably priced at hamfests
Potentiometer type rotors seem less complicated
Always know where the rotor is
No persistent memory required for power-down
No interpolation required
No directional history needed
Less opportunity to get out of sync.
Nova tracking software may do most of the work for you
But – these rotors may be expensive!
№38 слайд![FROM A SOFTWARE PERSPECTIVE](/documents_6/e344f8487c18f859eda959ef0d5e16f6/img37.jpg)
Содержание слайда: FROM A SOFTWARE PERSPECTIVE
This was an interesting microcontroller project!
Microcontrollers can be used for a lot of amateur radio projects!
If you are patient and persistent you will be successful!