Презентация IE350 Alternative Energy Course онлайн
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- Тип файла:ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
- Всего слайдов:69 слайдов
- Для класса:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
- Размер файла:14.41 MB
- Просмотров:55
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- Автор:неизвестен
Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№5 слайд
![Oil and Gas Liquids Oil](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Oil and Gas Liquids
Oil drilling & refining is hazardous
to workers, fire, explosion, etc.
spills into the environment
Transporting oil is not without risk
pollution
theft and terrorism
Burning oil is not clean
pollution
greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions
Large reserves are in politically unstable countries
Human rights violations track with high oil prices
Easy half of oil has been pumped
Future oil will be more difficult to extract more expensive
Price instability
№6 слайд
![Oil and Gas Liquids Oil](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img5.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Oil and Gas Liquids
Oil drilling & refining is hazardous
to workers, fire, explosion, etc.
spills into the environment
Transporting oil is not without risk
pollution
theft and terrorism
Burning oil is not clean
pollution
greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions
Large reserves are in politically unstable countries
Human rights violations track with high oil prices
Easy half of oil has been pumped
Future oil will be more difficult to extract more expensive
Price instability
№8 слайд
![Coal Coal mining is very](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Coal
Coal mining is very dangerous
fires and explosions
black lung
Transportation can be hazardous
Burning coal is not clean
high chronic hazards
pollution (gases, heavy metals, radioactivity, etc.)
greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions
sequestered products still hazardous
Centralized electric power generation
security risk
copious quantities of cooling water
most energy is lost to heat (>60%)
Environmental impacts
mining
emissions
tailings
Liquefaction losses of >50% before internal combustion losses of > 75%
№9 слайд
![Coal Mostly used to make](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img8.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Coal
Mostly used to make electricity
Abundant domestically &
world-wide (US has the most)
Abundance = affordable
Available from geopolitical stable locations
Relatively easy to transport
Burning has low acute hazards
Easily stored at power plant
Operation independent of
weather dependent
seasons
time of day
Can be converted into a liquid fuel
№11 слайд
![Natural Gas Gas drilling is](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Natural Gas
Gas drilling is hazardous
to workers, fire, explosion, etc.
pumping fluids reaching groundwater
leaks from fractured bed rock
number of wells rapidly increasing
Transportation can be hazardous
pipeline explosions (old infrastructure)
liquefied natural gas is highly volatile
Greenhouse gas issues
burning produces CO2 emissions
leaked CH4 traps 72x the heat of CO2
Centralized electric power generation
security risk
copious quantities of cooling water
most energy is lost to heat (>60%)
Not a good transportation fuel
not a liquid different infrastructure
resource size doesn’t match the transportation sector’s size/demand
energy density is lower than gasoline
№12 слайд
![Natural Gas Gas drilling is](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img11.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Natural Gas
Gas drilling is hazardous
to workers, fire, explosion, etc.
pumping fluids reaching groundwater
leaks from fractured bed rock
Transportation can be hazardous
pipeline explosions (old infrastructure)
liquefied natural gas is highly volatile
Greenhouse gas issues
burning produces CO2 emissions
leaked CH4 traps 72x the heat of CO2
Centralized electric power generation
security risk
copious quantities of cooling water
most energy is lost to heat (>60%)
Not a good transportation fuel
not a liquid different infrastructure
resource size doesn’t match the transportation sector’s size/demand
energy density is lower than gasoline
№36 слайд
![Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img35.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas) amount to around 1000 gigatonnes, and oil reserves around 150 gigatonnes.
Carbon forms more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of coal (this includes inherent moisture). This is dependent on coal rank, with higher rank coals containing less hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, until 95% purity of carbon is achieved at Anthracite rank and above.
№41 слайд
![Shale Oil shale is a general](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img40.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Shale (ûñóù³ñ)
Oil shale is a general term applied to a group of rocks rich enough in organic material (kerogen) to yield petroleum upon distillation. The kerogen in oil shale can be converted to oil through the chemical process of pyrolysis. During pyrolysis the oil shale is heated to 445-500 °C in the absence of air and the kerogen is converted to oil and separated out, a process called "retorting".
№42 слайд
![Reservoir Rock An oil](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img41.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Reservoir Rock
An oil reservoir, petroleum system or petroleum reservoir is often thought of as being an underground "lake" of oil, but it is actually composed of hydrocarbons contained in porous rock formations.
Structural traps are formed by a deformation in the rock layer that contains the hydrocarbons (e.g., fault traps and anticlinal traps).
№48 слайд
![Liquid fuel volume units The](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img47.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Liquid fuel volume units
The standard barrel of crude oil or other petroleum product (abbreviated bbl) is 42 US gallons (34.972 Imperial gallons or 158.987 L).
1 Gallon = 3.8 Liters.
This measurement originated in the early Pennsylvania oil fields, and permitted both British and American merchants to refer to the same unit, based on the old English wine measure, the tierce.
№66 слайд
![. The future of energy](/documents_6/e482128506238f191c36d323f9255f5a/img65.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1.5 The future of energy resources
Solar Constant = 1366 W/sq.m.
Sahara’s surface area = 9,000,000 sq.m.
If we use 10% of Sahara with 10% efficiency, we will get 800 Exajoules/year!
This is twice as much as current world consumption.
I can see the future «Ocean Solar Power Plants», that produce Hydrogen!
However, population grows exponentially!
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