Презентация Introduction and paradigms. Programming language concepts. (Lecture 1) онлайн
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд
Содержание слайда: Introduction and Paradigms
Prepared by
Manuel E. Bermúdez, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
University of Florida
№2 слайд
Содержание слайда: Course Goals
Expose students to the four major programming paradigms: imperative, object-oriented, functional, and logic.
Cover programming language specification: syntax and semantics
Discuss language constructs, design goals, run-time structures, and implementation techniques.
№3 слайд
Содержание слайда: Course Goals (cont’d)
Not merely a tour of programming languages.
The goal is to study the LINGUISTICS of programming. An analogy: a linguist has more knowledge than merely speaking a few languages.
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: Course Topics
Paradigms.
Evolution of Programming Languages (postpone?)
Compiling.
Lexical and Syntax Analysis (parsing)
Names, Scopes and Bindings.
Data Types.
Expressions and Assignment.
Control flow.
Subprograms.
Object-oriented programming (C++)
№5 слайд
Содержание слайда: Course Topics
Concurrency.
Functional Programming Languages.
Logic Programming Languages.
№6 слайд
Содержание слайда: Paradigms
Paradigms
Paradigm definition
The paradigm shift
Paradigm blindness and paralysis
Examples
№7 слайд
Содержание слайда: Definition of Paradigm
Thomas Kuhn (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions): "… accepted samples of practical methods in science.”
Adam Smith (Powers of the Mind): ”A shared set of assumed facts. Water to the fish, a paradigm explains the world and allows us to predict its behavior. When in the middle of a paradigm, it is difficult to imagine any other."
№8 слайд
Содержание слайда: Definition of Paradigm (cont’d)
Willis Hartman (An Incomplete Guide to the Future): "… a basic way of perceiving, thinking, valuing and doing things that are associated with a particular vision of reality.”
Marilyn Ferguson (The Aquarian Conspiracy): "… a framework for thought… a scheme for understanding and explaining certain aspects of reality."
№9 слайд
Содержание слайда: Definition of Paradigm (cont’d)
Joel Barker (Discovering the Future: The Business of Paradigms): " … a set of rules that define limits, and establish what’s necessary to be succesfull within those limits."
NOTE: We humans subscribe to paradigms composed of a SMALL set of rules, and we have a STRONG tendency to resist letting them go.
№10 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Paradigm Shift
A change in rules: old rules not only stop being useful, but they GET IN THE WAY.
Examples (in general):
Rise(and then fall) of Japan as a economical superpower.
Fall of the Soviet Union.
South Africa abolishes apartheid without bloodshed.
№11 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Paradigm Shift (cont’d)
College degree no longer a guarantor of economic success.
Computers (and Internet) for everyone.
Offshoring of IT jobs (IT skills as a commodity).
And, of course, 9/11/2001.
№12 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Paradigm Shift (cont’d)
Examples (specific to computing):
Structured programming.
Object oriented programming.
The WWW.
“Towers of Hanoi”
The .com boom (and bust).
Computing in Astronomy.
NOTES:
Paradigm shifts occur suddenly.
Their timing is VERY difficult to predict.
№13 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Paradigm Shift (cont’d)
Change is instigated by an “outsider.”
The new college graduate, or a scientist moving from one discipline to another:
Unfamiliar with the established paradigm.
Not “vested” in the old paradigm.
№14 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Paradigm Shift (cont’d)
Example:
“If I had thought about it, I wouldn’t have done it. The literature is full of examples that show that this cannot be done” -- (Spencer Silver of 3M, inventor of Post-it notes).
№15 слайд
Содержание слайда: Paradigm Blindness and Paralysis
The mortal disease of certainty.
Paradigms act as physiological filters; a colored filter before the eyes.
The rules for the new paradigm are often completely INVISIBLE to those still subscribing to the old paradigm.
№16 слайд
Содержание слайда: Paradigm Blindness and Paralysis (cont’d)
Example: In the late 1930’s, Chester Carlson showed Kodak, IBM and 41 other companies his new “photographic system”:
a steel plate, some black powder, a piece of cat fur, a piece of amber, some wax paper, and an iron.
Only the Halloid Corporation adopted the new system. They later became ???
№17 слайд
Содержание слайда: Paradigm Blindness and Paralysis (cont’d)
Example: Who invented the quartz clock?
The swiss!
Characteristics of paradigm blindness:
“That’s not the way we do it.”
“It is not going to work.”
“That’s impossible.”
“If you had my years of experience, you would know you are wrong.”
№18 слайд
Содержание слайда: Paradigm Blindness and Paralysis (cont’d)
Examples . . .
№19 слайд
Содержание слайда: Programming (Language) Paradigms
FOUR PARADIGMS OF COMPUTING
Imperative:
WHAT DO WE DO NEXT ?
Functional:
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION’S VALUE ?
Object-Oriented:
WHAT ARE THE TERMS OF THE
CONTRACT ?
Logic:
WHEN IS IT TRUE THAT … ?
№20 слайд
Содержание слайда: Introduction and Paradigms
Prepared by
Manuel E. Bermúdez, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
University of Florida
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