Презентация Programming Languages: Concepts and Constructs by Ravi Sethi онлайн

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  • Всего слайдов:
    21 слайд
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    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:

№1 слайд
The Role of Programming
Содержание слайда: The Role of Programming Languages Chapter 1: Programming Languages: Concepts and Constructs by Ravi Sethi
№2 слайд
What is a Programming
Содержание слайда: What is a Programming Language? a tool for instructing machines a means of communicating between programmers a vehicle for expressing high-level designs a notation for algorithms a way of expressing relationships between concepts a tool for experimentation a means for controlling computerized devices
№3 слайд
Language Designers Balance
Содержание слайда: Language Designers Balance … making computing convenient for programmers (a fool with a tool is still a fool) and making efficient use of computing machines (... Why do I have to state this?)
№4 слайд
Levels Gross distinction
Содержание слайда: Levels Gross distinction between programming language based on readability based on independence based on purpose (specific … general)
№5 слайд
Levels Machine level language
Содержание слайда: Levels Machine level language Assembly level language High-level language (3GL) sometimes 4GL - fourth Generation Language
№6 слайд
Machine Level Can you tell
Содержание слайда: Machine Level 00000010101111001010 00000010101111001000 00000011001110101000 Can you tell what this code fragment does? Can it be executed on any machine? Is it general purpose?
№7 слайд
Assembly Language Look at
Содержание слайда: Assembly Language Look at figure 1.1 LD R1,”0” LD R2, M ST R2, R1 … real assembly used mnemonics Add A(M), …. Had to do your own indexing What does this program do?
№8 слайд
Assembly Language Look at
Содержание слайда: Assembly Language Look at page 63 in your text and figure 3.1 Can you understand what it does now?
№9 слайд
Basic Concepts of a RAM
Содержание слайда: Basic Concepts of a RAM machine Memory: addresses, contents Program: instructions input/output:(files)
№10 слайд
High Level Readable familiar
Содержание слайда: High Level Readable familiar notations machine independence availability of program libraries consistency check (check data types)
№11 слайд
Problems of Scale Changes are
Содержание слайда: Problems of Scale Changes are easy to make isolated program fragments can be understood BUT… one small bug can lead to disaster read the NOT story about Mariner rockets Notice how the chairman does not understand that a “small” problem can lead to devastating result and why it was not caught
№12 слайд
Bugs Programming testing can
Содержание слайда: Bugs Programming testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never their absence! Dijkstra Programming Languages can help readable and understandable organize such that parts can be understood
№13 слайд
Role of Programming Languages
Содержание слайда: Role of Programming Languages Art (science) of programming is organizing complexity Must organize in such a way that our limited powers are sufficient to guarantee that the computation will establish the desired effect (Dijkstra - structured programming, sometimes referred to as goto-less programming)
№14 слайд
Programming Paradigms
Содержание слайда: Programming Paradigms Imperative - action oriented, sequence of actions Functional - LISP, symbolic data processing Object-Oriented Logic - Prolog, logic reasoning Sequential and concurrent
№15 слайд
Language Implementation
Содержание слайда: Language Implementation Compiler - source code it translated into machine code (all at once) Interpreter - machine is brought up to the language (one statement at a time)
№16 слайд
Compiled C
Содержание слайда: Compiled C
№17 слайд
Interpreted Code Each
Содержание слайда: Interpreted Code Each instruction is interpreted by machine interpreter does not produce object code
№18 слайд
Comparisons Compilation more
Содержание слайда: Comparisons Compilation more efficient interpreted more flexible
№19 слайд
Testing your skill Do . a,b,c
Содержание слайда: Testing your skill Do 1.4 (a,b,c) in PL book Do 1.5 For each file, include a file header: what this file accomplishes - description what “entities” are in this file dependencies structure
№20 слайд
Testing your skill For each
Содержание слайда: Testing your skill For each module, include a module header: what this module accomplishes - description dependencies ( parameters(in, out, inout), global data (accessed or modified), called by (fanin), calls (fanout) ) restrictions programmer date created modifications
№21 слайд
Testing your skill For the
Содержание слайда: Testing your skill For the test cases, include a test header: for each input, put the expected output, date executed, name of tester and passed/failed
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