Оцените презентацию от 1 до 5 баллов!
Тип файла:
ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
Всего слайдов:
13 слайдов
Для класса:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
Размер файла:
276.35 kB
Просмотров:
97
Скачиваний:
0
Автор:
неизвестен
Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№1 слайд
Содержание слайда: Monopoly
A competitive firm chooses how much to produce at the “market price”.
A single seller – monopoly – chooses at what price to sell.
№2 слайд
№3 слайд
Содержание слайда: The Tradeoff
The monopoly can either choose price or quantity, but not both.
The monopolist faces a tradeoff between a higher price and lower sales (smaller quantity) and a lower price and higher sales (greater quantity):
P ↓ → X ↑
№4 слайд
Содержание слайда: Revenue
Profit = Revenue – Total Costs
Revenue = TR = Unit price • Quantity = P • X
Increasing X is profitable if it increases Revenue more than it increases Costs.
№5 слайд
Содержание слайда: Marginal Revenue
Marginal Revenue = MR= the change in total revenue from increasing output by a unit.
Marginal Cost = MC = the change in total costs from increasing output by a unit.
Increasing output (decreasing price) is profitable if MR is greater than MC.
Increasing output (decreasing price) is never profitable if MR < 0.
№6 слайд
№7 слайд
Содержание слайда: Profit Maximization
= TR(X)- TC(X)
’ = MR(X) – MC(X)=0
Monopoly chooses X so that : MR(X) = MC(X)
№8 слайд
Содержание слайда: Monopoly Pricing
№9 слайд
№10 слайд
Содержание слайда: Elasticity
E=1: Changing price doesn’t change Revenue – PX unchanged.
E>1: Decreasing price increases Revenue – PX increases
(Demand is price sensitive)
E<1: Decreasing price reduces Revenue – PX decreases.
(Demand is price insensitive)
.
№11 слайд
Содержание слайда: Elasticity and Monopoly Pricing
Can be shown that : MR = P [1 - ].
Thus, if E < 1, MR < 0 → Monopoly never produces in region in which E < 1.
This implies that the monopoly pricing rule can be written: =
where is the (relative) markup (difference between price and marginal cost) → Markup decreases with elasticity.
№12 слайд
Содержание слайда: Example
Suppose marginal cost is a constant, c, and E=2.
Then = = → p = 2c. That is, the monopoly price is a constant markup over cost. In other words, in this case, if the marginal cost goes up by 1 dollar, the monopoly price increases by 2 dollars.
№13 слайд