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№1 слайд![Mechanics Kinematics](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img0.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mechanics
Kinematics
№2 слайд![Kinematics is a way of](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Kinematics is a way of describing the motion of objects without consideration of the reasons that cause this motion.
Motion is a change in the position of a particle or a body in three-dimensional space.
Translational motion occurs when the path traced out by any particle is exactly parallel to the path traced out by every other particle in the body.
Material point (alternatively, a classical particle)
is the body, whose size may be
neglected in the given conditions.
Rigid body is the body in which
all the distances between the
component particles are
constant.
№3 слайд![Reference frame In order to](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Reference frame
In order to describe the motion the reference frame is necessary. It consists of:
1. A coordinate system
2. A time measurer
3. A set of physical reference points that
uniquely fix (locate and orient) the
coordinate system.
The coordinate system is used to describe
the position of a point in space. It consists of:
An origin at a particular point in space
A set of coordinate axes with scales and labels
Choice of positive direction for each axis: unit vectors
№4 слайд![basic kinematic variables](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 3 basic kinematic variables:
3 basic kinematic variables:
the position of an object is simply its location in space
the velocity of an object is how fast it is changing its position
the acceleration of an object is how fast the velocity is changing
№5 слайд![](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img4.jpg)
№6 слайд![](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img5.jpg)
№7 слайд![](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img6.jpg)
№8 слайд![Velocity Velocity is the rate](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img7.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Velocity
Velocity is the rate of change of the particle’s position vector with respect to time.
velocity is a vector quantity: “How fast and in which direction”
direction of the velocity vector is tangent to the trajectory of the particle
units: m/s, km/hr
Average velocity
№9 слайд![](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img8.jpg)
№10 слайд![Speed](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img9.jpg)
№11 слайд![Rectilinear uniform motion](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img10.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Rectilinear uniform motion
Rectilinear uniform motion: the object travels in a straight line and covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Velocity is constant:
Speed is , where the distance l is covered in time t
Equation for coordinate of the object traveling along the OX axis:
№12 слайд![Accelerated motion](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img11.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Accelerated motion: non-uniform motion when velocity of the object varies with time.
Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion: the object travels in a straight line and its velocity increases or decreases by equal amounts in equal intervals of time.
Acceleration
rate of change of velocity with respect to time
“How fast the velocity is changing”
acceleration is a vector quantity
units: m/s/s or m/s2 , m·s-2
№13 слайд![](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img12.jpg)
№14 слайд![Projectile Motion Projectile](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img13.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Projectile Motion
Projectile motion is a form of motion in which a body or particle (called a projectile) is thrown near the Earth's surface, and it moves under the action of gravity only.
g is the acceleration due to gravity ; g = 9.8 m/s2
If an object is in FREE FALL, gravity will change an objects velocity by 9.8 m/s every second.
The acceleration due to gravity:
ALWAYS ACTS DOWNWARD
IS ALWAYS CONSTANT near the surface of Earth (air resistance is negligible)
№15 слайд![Motion of the projectile](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Motion of the projectile thrown vertically
№16 слайд![Motion of the projectile](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Motion of the projectile thrown horizontally
№17 слайд![Motion of the projectile](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Motion of the projectile thrown horizontally
№18 слайд![Motion of the projectile](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img17.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Motion of the projectile thrown at an angle above the horizontal
№19 слайд![Motion of the projectile](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img18.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Motion of the projectile thrown at an angle above the horizontal
Equations for coordinates:
№20 слайд![Complementary values of the](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img19.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Complementary values of the initial angle α result in the same value of the horizontal range.
№21 слайд![Rotational motion Rotational](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img20.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Rotational motion
Rotational motion occurs if every particle in the body moves in a circle about a single line. This line is called the axis of rotation.
№22 слайд![Angular displacement Angular](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img21.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Angular displacement
Angular velocity, also known as angular frequency
№23 слайд![Uniform circular motion is](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Uniform circular motion is the case when the body moves at a constant speed in a circular path, but still has an acceleration. The velocity vector of the body is not constant: it has constant magnitude, but changing direction.
Uniform circular motion is the case when the body moves at a constant speed in a circular path, but still has an acceleration. The velocity vector of the body is not constant: it has constant magnitude, but changing direction.
The acceleration due to change in the direction is called centripetal. It is directed at all times towards the axis of rotation, and its magnitude is:
№24 слайд![Example quantitative](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img23.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Example: quantitative determination of v and a from s
or How to calculate v and a from s
№25 слайд![Example](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Example:
№26 слайд![Example You are driving](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img25.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Example:
You are driving through town at 12 m/s when suddenly a ball rolls out in front of your car. You apply the brakes and begin decelerating at 3.5 m/s/s. How far do you travel before coming to a complete stop?
№27 слайд![](/documents_6/0f1ef7433326726c51791a033d43ab08/img26.jpg)