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№1 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img0.jpg)
№2 слайд![Outline Mechanics and its](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Outline
Mechanics and its application to biological systems
Forms of motion
Levers
Balance and center of gravity
№3 слайд![How Did It Walk?](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img2.jpg)
Содержание слайда: How Did It Walk?
№4 слайд![How Did It Walk?](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img3.jpg)
Содержание слайда: How Did It Walk?
№5 слайд![Mechanics and Biomechanics](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img4.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Mechanics and Biomechanics
Mechanics: science that deals with physical energy and forces and their effect on objects
Biomechanics - study of the mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems and especially humans
№6 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img5.jpg)
№7 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img6.jpg)
№8 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img7.jpg)
№9 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img8.jpg)
№10 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img9.jpg)
№11 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img10.jpg)
№12 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img11.jpg)
№13 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img12.jpg)
№14 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img13.jpg)
№15 слайд![The First Class of Levers](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img14.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The First Class of Levers
First class Levers
In a first class lever the fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance.
This type of lever can increase the effects of the effort and the speed of a body. Also good for keeping balance.
№16 слайд![First Class Lever](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img15.jpg)
Содержание слайда: First Class Lever
№17 слайд![The Second Class of Levers](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img16.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Second Class of Levers
Second class levers
Here the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort.
This type of lever is generally thought to increase only the effect of the effort force.
№18 слайд![Second Class Lever](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img17.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Second Class Lever
№19 слайд![The Third Class of Levers](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img18.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The Third Class of Levers
Third class Levers
Here the effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance and can be seen in the.
They can increase the body’s ability to move quickly but in terms of applying force they are very inefficient.
№20 слайд![Third Class Lever](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img19.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Third Class Lever
№21 слайд![Human Body Levers Human s](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img20.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Human Body Levers
Human’s levers are mostly built for speed and range of movement at expense of force
Thus, short force arms and long resistance arms require great muscular strength for movement
Examples: biceps and triceps attachments
biceps force arm is 1 to 2 inches (1inch=2.54cm)
triceps force arm is less than 1 inch
№22 слайд![Example . How much force in](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img21.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Example
1. How much force (in kg) needs to be applied to move 45 kg when the RA is 0.25 m and the EA is 0.05 meters?
Use the formula
FE x EA = FR x RA
Note: kgs are not units of force, but sometimes force is divided by g(9.8m/s2) and expressed in kilograms.
№23 слайд![Example FE x . meters kg x .](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Example
FE x 0.05 meters = 45 kg x 0.25 meters
FE x 0.05 = 11.25 kg
FE = 225 Kg
№24 слайд![Lever Length Where is the](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img23.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Lever Length
Where is the velocity or speed the greatest; at A’ or B’?
How can this principle be applied to tennis?
№25 слайд![Lever Length A longer lever](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Lever Length
A longer lever increases the speed at the end of the racquet unless the extra weight is too great. Then the speed may actually be slower.
№26 слайд![Stability Center of gravity](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img25.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Stability
Center of gravity (CG): Point at which all parts of a body are equally balanced
Base of support (BOS): Area within an object’s point of contact with the ground
Line of gravity (LOG): Direct line from the center of gravity to the ground
№27 слайд![Center of Gravity](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img26.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Center of Gravity
№28 слайд![Base of support The BOS area](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img27.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Base of support
The BOS area can be changed
Larger BOS area is typical for more stable positions
In humans, wide BOS is usually accompanied by low CG
№29 слайд![Line of Gravity The line of](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img28.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Line of Gravity
The line of gravity is always vertical
The LOG must outside the base of support to initiate or continue movement
The further away the LOG from the BOS, the greater the tendency to move in that direction
№30 слайд![Stability Someone is more](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img29.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Stability
Someone is more __________when they have a _______centre of _______, a ______ base of __________ and a line of gravity that falls _______the body.
№31 слайд![Advantages Disadvantages to](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img30.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Advantages/Disadvantages to Bipedal Locomotion
Disadvantages
Loss of speed
Loss of agility
Loss of stability
Advantages
Carry food
Carry tools
Increased ability to nurture/protect offspring
№32 слайд![Interesting Fact T Rex Arms](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img31.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Interesting Fact: T Rex Arms
How much could T Rex lift with its arm?
(50x6=300lbs
136kg)
?
№33 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img32.jpg)
№34 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img33.jpg)
№35 слайд![](/documents_6/1f1aa39c74ad9c03c417186f5d771b3b/img34.jpg)