Презентация Solutions. Acid–base equilibrium in biological systems онлайн
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- Тип файла:ppt / pptx (powerpoint)
- Всего слайдов:76 слайдов
- Для класса:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
- Размер файла:3.81 MB
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Слайды и текст к этой презентации:
№2 слайд
![Plan . Solutions and their](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img1.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Plan
0. Solutions and their colligative properties
1. The theory of electrolytic dissociation. Dissociation of bases, acides and salts in water solutions.Strong and weak electrolytes
2. Protolytic theory.
3. Dissociation of water. Hydrogen ion exponent.
The homeostasis.
4. The importancy of pH maintenance in human body. 5. The concept of buffer solutions.
6. Hydrocarbonate buffer system
7. Phosphate buffer system
8. Protein buffer systems
9. Hemoglobin buffer system
10. Acidosis and alkalosis. Treatment of acidosis and alkalosis.
№23 слайд
![Substances dissociating in](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img22.jpg)
Содержание слайда: 1) Substances dissociating in solutions or melts into positively charged Cat+(cations) and negatively charged An- (anions). The latter include acids, bases and salts.
2) In electric field Cat+ move to cathode, An- move to anode.
3) Electrolytes decompose into ions in different degree.
4) Dissociation depend of:
a) nature of electrolyte;
b) nature of solvent;
c) concentration;
d) temperature.
№25 слайд
![Acides are compounds](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img24.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Acides are compounds dissociating in aqueous solutions with the formation of positive ions of one species – hydrogen ions.
HCl→H+ + Cl-
Bases are compounds dissociating in aqueous solutions with the formation of negative ions of one species – hydroxide ions OH-.
Ca(OH)2→Ca2++ 2OH-
Medium salts dissociate to form metal cations and anion of acid radical.
№44 слайд
![The homeostasis. The](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img43.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The homeostasis. The importancy of pH maintenance in human body
The human body has mechanisms of coordination of physiological and biochemical processes proceeding inside it and maintenance constancy of internal medium (optimal value of pH, levels of different substances, temperature, blood preassure). This coordination and mantanance are called homeostasis.
№45 слайд
![The constancy of hydrogen](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img44.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The constancy of hydrogen ions concentration is one of important constant of internal medium of organism, because:
1) Hydrogen ions have catalytic effect on many biochemical processes;
2)Enzymes and hormones exhibit biological activity only at a specific range of pH values;
3)Small changes of pH in blood and interstitial fluids affect the value of the osmotic pressure in this fluids.
№52 слайд
![Buffer capacity Buffer](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img51.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Buffer capacity
Buffer capacity is maximal at a ratio of acid salt 1:1 => pH = pK.
Good – at [pK+0.5, pK-0.5]
Sufficient – at [pK+1, pK-1]
The higher the concentration of the solution, the greater the buffer capacity. The concentration of acid and salt in the buffer solutions usually about 0.05-0.20 M.
№58 слайд
![The mechanism of action of](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img57.jpg)
Содержание слайда: The mechanism of action of phosphate buffer:
1. acid addition
2 Na++HPO42–+H++Cl - NaH2PO4+Na++Cl -
2. adding alkali :
NaH2PO4 + NaOH Na2HPO4 + H2O
Excess hydrogen phosphate monobasic and removed through the kidneys. Full recovery of relations in the buffer occurs only 2-3 days.
№66 слайд
![Hemoglobin buffer system HHb](/documents_6/016b5b8ace93c2dcf36c2aca72edf584/img65.jpg)
Содержание слайда: Hemoglobin buffer system
HHb + O2 HHbO2
Hemoglobin is a weaker acid (pKa HHb = 8.2) than oxyhemoglobin (pKa HHbO2 = 6.95). Therefore Hb- ions being anions of weaker acid are capable stronger to bind H+ ions than HbO2- ions.
Undissociated molecules HHbO2 lose O2 easier than the ions HbO2-
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