Презентация Basic First Aid. Facilities Planning & Management онлайн

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid

Содержание слайда: Chain of Survival In order for a person to survive

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid What Is First Aid? The immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person. DOES NOT take the place of proper medical treatment. Legal Considerations Implied Consent involves an unresponsive victim in a life-threatening condition. It is assumed or “implied” that an unresponsive victim would consent to lifesaving help. Only perform First Aid assistance for which you have been trained.

Содержание слайда: Scene Survey When confronted with an accident or illness on duty it is important to assess the situation to determine what kind of emergency situation you are dealing with, for your safety, the victim’s safety and that of others. Do a quick survey of the scene that includes looking for three elements: Hazards that could be dangerous to you, the victim, or bystanders. The cause (mechanism) of the injury or illness. The number of victims. Note: This survey should only take a few seconds.

Содержание слайда: Initial Assessment Goal of the initial assessment: Visually determine whether there are life-threatening or other serious problems that require quick care. Determine if victim is conscious - by tap and shout. Check for ABC as indicated: A = Airway Open? – Head-tilt/Chin-lift. B = Breathing? – Look, listen, and feel. C = Circulation? – Check for signs of circulation. Note: These step-by-step initial assessment should not be changed. It takes less than a minute to complete, unless first aid is required at any point.

Содержание слайда: Victim Assessment Sequence Assessment Sequence Components: If victim is responsive Ask them what injuries or difficulties they are experiencing. Check and provide first aid for these complaints as well as others that may be involved. If victim is not responsive (Unconscious or incoherent). Observe for obvious signs of injury or illness: Check from head to toe Provide first aid/CPR for injuries or illness observed.

Содержание слайда: Bleeding Control Control Methods For External Bleeding: Direct pressure stops most bleeding. Wear medical exam gloves (if possible) Place a sterile gauze pad or a clean cloth over wound Elevation injured part to help reduce blood flow. Combine with direct pressure over the wound (this will allow you to attend to other injuries or victims). If bleeding continues, apply pressure at a pressure point to slow blood flow. Pressure point locations: Brachial (Top of elbow) Femoral (Inside upper thigh)

Содержание слайда: Bleeding Control Cont. Control Methods For Internal Bleeding: Signs of internal bleeding: Bruises or contusions of the skin Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen Vomiting or coughing up blood Stools that are black or contain bright red blood What to Do: For severe internal bleeding, follow these steps: Monitor ABC’s (Airway Breathing Circulation) Keep the victim lying on his/her left side. (This will help prevent expulsion of vomit from stomach, or allow the vomit to drain and also prevent the victim from inhaling vomit). Treat for shock by raising the victim’s legs 8” – 12” Seek immediate medical attention

Содержание слайда: Shock Shock refers to circulatory system failure that happens when insufficient amounts of oxygenated blood is provided for every body part. This can be as the result of: Loss of blood due to uncontrolled bleeding or other circulatory system problem. Loss of fluid due to dehydration or excessive sweating. Trauma (injury) Occurrence of an extreme emotional event.

Содержание слайда: Shock Cont. What to Look For Altered mental status Anxiety and restlessness Pale, cold, and clammy skin, lips, and nail beds Nausea and vomiting Rapid breathing and pulse Unresponsiveness when shock is severe

Содержание слайда: Shock Cont. What to Do After first treating life-threatening injuries such as breathing or bleeding, the following procedures shall be performed: Lay the victim on his or her back Raise the victim’s legs 8” – 12” to allow the blood to drain from the legs back to the heart. Prevent body heat loss by putting blankets and coats under and over the victim

Содержание слайда: Burns Burn injuries can be classified as follow: Thermal (heat) burns caused by: Flames Hot objects Flammable vapor that ignites Steam or hot liquid What to Do: Stop the burning Remove victim from burn source If open flame, smother with blanket, coat or similar item, or have the victim roll on ground. Determine the depth (degree) of the burn

Содержание слайда: Burns Cont. Chemical burns The result of a caustic or corrosive substance touching the skin caused by: Acids (batteries) Alkalis (drain cleaners- often more extensive) Organic compounds (oil products)

Содержание слайда: Burns Cont. What to Do: Remove the chemical by flushing the area with water Brush dry powder chemicals from the skin before flushing Take precautions to protect yourself from exposure to the chemical Remove the victim’s contaminated clothing and jewelry while flushing with water Flush for 20 minutes all chemical burns (skin, eyes) Cover the burned area with a dry, sterile dressing Seek medical attention

Содержание слайда: Burns Burns have been described as: First-degree burns (Superficial) Only the skin’s outer layer (epidermis) is damaged. Symptoms include redness, mild swelling, tenderness, and pain. Usually heals without scarring. What to Do: Immerse in cold water 10 to 45 minutes or use cold, wet cloths. Cold stops burn progression May use other liquids Aloe, moisturizer lotion

Содержание слайда: First Degree Burns

Содержание слайда: Burns Cont. Second-degree burns (Partial Thickness) Epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged. Symptoms include blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and severe pain. What to Do: Immerse in cold water / wet pack Aspirin or ibuprofen Do not break blisters May seek medical attention

Содержание слайда: Second Degree Burns

Содержание слайда: Burns Cont. Third-degree burns (Full Thickness) Severe burns that penetrate all the skin layers, into the underlying fat and muscle. Symptoms include: the burned area appears gray-white, cherry red, or black; there is no initial edema or pain (since nerve endings are destroyed) What to Do: Usually not necessary to apply cold to areas of third degree Do not apply ointments Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not use plastic) Check ABC’s Treat for shock Get medical help

Содержание слайда: Third Degree Burns

Содержание слайда: Burns Cont. Electrical Burns A mild electrical shock can cause serious internal injuries. There are three types of electrical injuries: Thermal burn (flame) – Objects in direct contact with the skin are ignited by an electrical current. Mostly caused by the flames produced by the electrical current and not by the passage of the electrical current or arc. Arc burn (Flash) – Occurs when electricity jumps, or arcs, from one spot to another. Mostly cause extensive superficial injuries. True Electrical Injury (contact) – Occurs when an electric current truly passes through the body.

Содержание слайда: Burns Cont. What to Do: Make sure the scene is safe Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power. If that is impossible, call the power company or EMS for help. Do not contact high voltage wires Consider all wires live Do not handle downed lines Do not come in contact with person if the electrical source is live Check ABCs. (Airway Breathing Circulation) If the victim fell, check for a spinal injury. Treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs 8” – 12” if no spinal injury is suspected. Seek medical attention immediately.

Содержание слайда: Choking What is it? Obstruction in the airway. General Precaution If someone is coughing, leave the person alone. Do not perform the Heimlich Maneuver. Keep eyes on that person. Ask the person if he/she needs help. Signs and Symptoms Person is not able to breath or talk due to obstruction, choking sign given, distressed, and panic. Hands wrapped around the neck is universal sign for choking.

Содержание слайда: Choking Cont. What to Do: Perform Heimlich Maneuver if you are properly trained Conscious Victim: Approach from behind and wrap arms around the victim’s waist. Place one fist just above the victim’s navel with the thumb side against the abdomen. Second hand over the fist. Press into the victim’s abdomen with one upward thrust Repeat thrust if necessary. Try to pop the obstruction out with swift thrusts in and up. Continue until the obstruction is relieved or victim collapses. Have someone call for help. Note: Always stay calm.

Содержание слайда: Choking Cont. What to Do: Unconscious Victim: Ask someone to call 112 for help Lower victim to floor on back or left side and perform Heimlich Maneuver Open airway with tongue-jaw lift Look inside mouth – if you cannot see anything, do a finger sweep Try to give two full rescue breaths If these do not go in, reposition the head and give another breath Perform abdominal thrusts Continue until successful or help arrives

Содержание слайда: Fractures There are two categories of fractures: Closed (Simple) fracture The skin is intact and no wound exists anywhere near the fracture site. Open (Compound) fracture The skin over the fracture has been damaged or broken. The wound may result from bone protruding through the skin. The bone may not always be visible in the wound.

Содержание слайда:

Содержание слайда: Fractures Cont. What to Look for: General signs and Symptoms: Tenderness to touch. Swelling. Deformities may occur when bones are broken, causing an abnormal shape. Open wounds break the skin. A grating sensation caused by broken bones rubbing together can be felt and sometimes even heard. Do not move the injured limb in an attempt to detect it. Loss of use.

Содержание слайда: Signs and Symptoms of Injury

Содержание слайда: Fractures Cont. Additional signs and symptoms include: The history of the injury can lead to suspect a fracture whenever a serious accident has happened. The victim may have heard or felt the bone snap.

Содержание слайда: Foreign Body in the Eye Eye When on the pupil or embedded in the white of the eye Never try to remove the object Cover the injured eye with a clean pad Bandage both eyes Take the victim to the hospital When floating on the white of the eye Advise the victim not to rub the eye Have them sit down facing a light so that you can see into the eye clearly Using your finger or thumb gently pull the eyelids of the injured eye apart When you see the foreign body wash it out with clean water If the foreign body has not moved, try to lift it off with a moist swab or the dampened corner of a tissue or handkerchief.

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid for Wounds Open Wounds A break in the skin’s surface that results in external bleeding and may allow bacteria to enter the body that can cause infection Abrasion The top layer of skin is removed with little or no blood loss Scrape Laceration A cut skin with jagged, irregular edges and caused by a forceful tearing away of skin tissue Incisions Smooth edges and resemble a surgical or paper cut

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid for Wounds Cont. Open Wounds Cont. Punctures Deep, narrow wounds such as a stab wound from a nail or a knife in the skin and underlying organs Avulsion Flap of skin is torn loose and is either hanging from the body or completely removed Amputation Cutting or tearing off of a body part such as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm, or leg

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid for Wounds Cont. What to Do: Wear gloves (if possible) and expose wound Control bleeding Clean wounds To prevent infection Wash shallow wound gently with soap and water Wash from the center out / Irrigate with water Severe wound? Clean only after bleeding has stopped

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid for Wounds Cont. Wounds Care Remove small objects that do not flush out by irrigation with sterile tweezers. If bleeding restarts, apply direct pressure. Use roller bandages (or tape dressing to the body) Keep dressings dry and clean Change the dressing if it gets wet or dirty.

Содержание слайда: Basic First Aid for Wounds Cont. Signs of Wound Infection: Swelling, and redness around the wound A sensation of warmth Throbbing pain Fever / chills Swollen lymph nodes Red streaks Tetanus (lock jaw), should receive injection in first 72 hours.

Содержание слайда: Dressings and Bandages The purpose of a dressing is to: Control bleeding Prevent infection and contamination Absorb blood and fluid drainage Protect the wound from further injury What to Do: Always wear gloves (if possible) Use a dressing large enough to extend beyond the wound’s edges. Cover the dressing with bandages.

Содержание слайда: Dressings and Bandages Cont. Bandage can be used to: Hold a dressing in place over an open wound Apply direct pressure over a dressing to control bleeding Prevent or reduce swelling Provide support and stability for an extremity or joint Bandage should be clean but need not be sterile.

Содержание слайда: Amputation What to Do: Control the bleeding Treat the victim for shock Recover the amputated part and whenever possible take it with the victim To care for the amputated body part: The amputated part does not need to be cleaned Wrap the amputated part with a dry sterile gauze or other clean cloth Put the wrapped amputated part in a plastic bag or other waterproof container Keep the amputated part cool, but do not freeze Place the bag or container with the wrapped part on a bed of ice Seek medical attention immediately

Содержание слайда: External Bleeding If an adult looses more than 1 liter of blood or a child looses as little as 1/3 of that amount loss is considered severe.

Содержание слайда: Checking for Spinal Injuries Spinal Injuries Head injuries may indicate that there are possible spinal injuries It may have been moved suddenly in one or more directions, damaging the spine. What to Look For General signs & symptoms Painful movement of the arms or legs Numbness, tingling, weakness, or burning sensation in the arms or legs Loss of bowel or bladder control Paralysis of the arms or legs Deformity (odd-looking angle of the victim’s head & neck

Содержание слайда: Checking for Spinal Injuries Cont. What to Do: Stabilize the victim against any movement. Check ABCs. (Airway Breathing Circulation) Unresponsive Victim: Look for cuts, bruise, and deformities. Test response by pinching the victim’s hand, and bare foot. If no reaction, assume the victim may have spinal damage.

Содержание слайда: Checking for Spinal Injuries Cont. Responsive Victim Upper Extremity Checks: Victim wiggles fingers. Victim feels rescuer squeeze fingers. Victim squeeze rescuer’s hand. Lower Extremity Checks: Victim wiggles toes. Victim feels rescuer squeezes toes. Victim pushes foot against rescuer’s hand.

Содержание слайда: Stroke (Brain Attack) What is Stroke? Tissue damage to area of the brain due to disruption in blood supply, depriving that area of the brain of oxygen.

Содержание слайда: Stroke (Brain Attack) Cont. Signs and Symptoms of Stroke: Weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg (usually on one side of the body) Blurred or decreased vision, especially in one eye. Problems speaking or understanding Unexplained, severe headache Dizziness, unsteadiness, or sudden fall

Содержание слайда: Bites and Stings Insect stings and bites What to Look For: Check the sting site to see if a stinger and venom sac are embedded in the skin. Bees are the only stinging insects that leave their stingers and venom sacs behind. Scrape the stinger and venom sac away with a hard object such as a long fingernail, credit card, scissor edge, or knife blade. Reactions are generally localized pain, itching, and swelling. If Allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) occurs can be life threatening.

Содержание слайда: Bites and Stings Cont. Insect stings and bites Cont. What to Do: Ask the victim if he/she has had a reaction before. Wash the sting site with soap and water to prevent infection. Apply an ice pack over the sting site to slow absorption of the venom and relieve pain. Because bee venom is acidic, a paste made of baking soda and water can help. Seek medical attention if necessary.

Содержание слайда: Bites and Stings Cont. Tick bites Tick can remain embedded for days without the victim’s realizing it. Most tick bites are harmless, although ticks can carry serious diseases. Symptoms usually begin 3 to 12 days after a tick bites.

Содержание слайда: Bites and Stings Cont. Tick Bites Cont. What to Do: The best way to remove a tick is with fine-pointed tweezers. Grab as closely to the skin as possible and pull straight back, using steady but gentle force.  Wash the bite site with soap and water. Apply rubbing alcohol to further disinfect the area. Apply an ice pack to reduce pain. Calamine lotion may provide relief from itching. Keep the area clean. Continue to watch the bite site for about one month for a rash. If rash appears, see a physician. Also watch for other signs such as fever, muscle aches, sensitivity to bright light, and paralysis that begins with leg weakness.