Презентация Computer systems онлайн

Содержание слайда: Computer Systems Week 03 Lesson 01

Содержание слайда: Review Define volatile and none-volatile State what components connect to the North and South Bridge Define what the PSU does? What is the name of the PSU socket that connects to a Hard disk or Optical drive? What is the PGA?

Содержание слайда: Objectives Understand static electricity List reasons why we take precautions from static electricity State precautions we can use against static electricity Test anti-static devices Define the Motherboards role within a PC State the role of a Graphics Card

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Содержание слайда: Tribo-electrification Static electricity must build up a charge greater than 1000 V before we may notice it Static Electricity is harmless to humans We can withstand up to and including 10,000 V Most CPUs, motherboards and associated circuitry normally operates at +/- 5 V An electrical discharge of 10,000 V will blow almost all computer components

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Содержание слайда: ESD protective devices A range of ESD protective devices are available to protect the computer from you including Wrist Strap Elasticised wristband with a metal pad which fits next to the skin The cable runs to a ground connector which connects to a earth Anti-Static Mat Large rubber mat, runs to a ground connector which connects to earth Usually you can connect your wrist band onto the mat Anti-Static Bag Used to transport and protect computer components Newly purchased components are usually supplied in these bags Any components not in the chassis of the computer must be kept in one of these bags

Содержание слайда: Working inside a computer When working on the internals of a computer you must… Always connect yourself to an electrostatic wristband and ensure you are earthed You should also do this when handling components outside of the computer and that are not even connected Keep any ‘spare’ components that are not being used in electrostatic bags Never wear a grounding strap when operating a monitor The capacitors hold a huge charge, wearing the strap offers a shortcut – straight through you to the ground!

Содержание слайда: Good uses of ESD ESD is used to apply toner to paper in photocopy machines and laser printers ESD is used to clean up the air, removing pollen and dust to create a healthier environment ESD is used to remove unwanted chemicals from output from Power Stations

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Содержание слайда: Static Electricity Video Testing for Static Electricity Electrostatic Charge at a Petrol Station Pauls guide to ESD

Содержание слайда: Follow the safety rules Be prepared: have the right tools at hand Obey the dress code: nothing dangling that will trap you Wear your ESD wrist band Before starting, turn off the PC and disconnect the AC power chord Read the manual: do not do things from memory Ground yourself by touching the chassis to discharge any static electricity that has accumulated in your body Handle all parts gently, hold components by their edges Remember that some components might be too hot to touch safely Take your time and think carefully before acting

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Содержание слайда: How do you know if its working? Anti-static wrist straps can fail to perform their intended function. Ground cords get stressed from prolonged use and can break open inside the insulation. You can't see if your anti-static wrist strap is performing properly They should be tested regularly. Electronics professionals should test their wrist straps for proper function at least once per day

Содержание слайда: Testing your wrist band Firstly check your multi-meter is working correctly by setting the 2M-ohms. Have both probes make contact with each other and record the reading. Now remove the wristband from your antistatic band and holding one probe at each end test it Does it give expected results, if not, why not? Why is it important to carryout periodic testing of anti-static protection devices? Don't worry it's only ESD What not to do

Содержание слайда: Motherboards The Main Printed Circuit Board Inside The PC That Contains and Controls The Components That Are Responsible For Processing Data.

Содержание слайда: Motherboard is… Multi-layered printed circuit board Copper circuit paths called traces carry signals and voltages across the motherboard Some layers carry data for input/output while other layers carry voltage and ground returns

Содержание слайда: Think of a Motherboard as: Futuristic City with many modular plug-in buildings, using power from a common electrical system Multiple-lane highways of various widths transporting data between buildings Data and power infrastructure for the entire computer

Содержание слайда: Motherboard MD Definition Research Activity MD Component identification and function How to install a motherboard

Содержание слайда: Basic Motherboard

Содержание слайда: Motherboard Determines: CPU type and speed Chipset Types & number of connection slots Type of memory Number of memory sockets and maximum memory

Содержание слайда: Form Factors Form factor means the size and shape of the actual motherboard 3 most common Form Factor classifications: Baby AT ATX Slimline NLX

Содержание слайда: What other features do modern Motherboards include? In groups spend ten minutes look at recent motherboard releases Consider what additional functionality they might include List a minimum of three components you could share with the class

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Содержание слайда: Video Summary Form Factors Installing and configuring motherboards

Содержание слайда: Specialised Cards – Graphics Card What is it? A video card is a hardware component whose function is to generate and output images to a display A graphics Card includes multiple sub-components Graphics Processing unit (GPU) Video BIOS Video Memory RAMDAC Outputs Motherboard Interface Cooling Devices Power Demand

Содержание слайда: Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) A GPU is a dedicated graphics processor optimized for floating point calculations which are fundamental to 3D graphics rendering The main attributes of the GPU Are the core clock rate (typically ranging from 250MHz to 850MHz) The number of pipelines (Vertex or Fragment shaders) used to translate a 3D image into a 2D image formed by pixels

Содержание слайда: Video BIOS This contains the basic program that governs the video card’s operations and provides the instrusions that allow the computer and software to interface with the card It contains information on the memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor and RAM and other information It is sometimes possible to change the BIOS for higher performance although is this is typically only done by card over-clockers as it has the potential of damage to the card

Содержание слайда: Video Memory While a Video Card will have its own video memory called video RAM The memory capacity of most modern video cards range from 128MB to 2GB Since video memory needs to be accessed by the GPU it uses high speed memory DDR, DDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4 & GDDR5 The memory clock rate in modern cards are generally between 400MHz and 2.4GHz

Содержание слайда: Outputs There are the connection systems which connects the displays with the video card Some different connection systems are as follows Analogue-based standard adopted in the late 1980s designed for CRT displays, also called VGA connector Digital-based standard for displays such as flat-panel displays and video projectors, these digital based DVI connectors are used for HDTV HDMI is an advanced digital audio/video interconnector released in 2003 and is commonly used to connect Gaming Consoles and DVD players to a display Display connectors

Содержание слайда: Motherboard Interface It is the connection system which connects the graphics card to the motherboard Although there are many different connection systems the main two in use today are AGP and PCI-Express

Содержание слайда: Cooling Device Video cards may use a lot of electricity which is converted into heat If the heat isn’t dissipated, the video card could overheat and get damaged Cooling devices are incorporated to transfer the heat elsewhere

Содержание слайда: Power Demand Fast Video Cards consume a great deal of power Power demands of GPU are mainly greater than that of CPUs, meaning that the video card may be the biggest power consumer in the system Most connection systems that can be used to connect a graphics card supply no more than 75watts to power a graphics card For recent graphics cards that require more than this level of power can connect to a direct PSU power source 8 pin (150W) power source

Содержание слайда: Advantages of Graphics Cards Anti-Aliasing: This is a technique used to counter distortion caused by aliasing effects Motion Blur: Effect used to blur objects moving in fast motion Texture Mapping: Allows the addition of detail on surfaces, without adding complexity Depth of Field: Technique that blurs out of focus objects Lens Flare: Imitation of light sources Fresnel Effect: Reflections over an object, depending on the angle of vision, the greater the angle of vision the greater the reflection

Содержание слайда: Without Graphics Card

Содержание слайда: With Graphics Card

Содержание слайда: Objectives Plenary Understand static electricity List reasons why we take precautions from static electricity State precautions we can use against static electricity Test anti-static devices Define the Motherboards role within a PC State the role of a Graphics Card

Содержание слайда: Stretch & Challenge Download the Electrostatic Discharge Exam and see what answers you already know and conduct some research into those you don’t ESD Quiz